刘梅湘   李 真

（西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】监控类技术侦查证据是打击犯罪的有力武器，但在具体适用中存在移送规范粗放化、证据出示随意化、质证方式单一化、对监听译文审查不足、违法技侦证据排除困难等问题。其主要原因在于立法上的缺失，受技侦证据固有特点和侦查神秘主义的影响。对此，应进一步明确证据的移送和出示规则，保障证据移送的安全保密性、完整性和真实性；扩大证据的“原件”范围，规范概括出示并限制说明性材料的转化使用。在质证程序上按照“常规模式—技术处理模式—庭外核实模式”的先后顺序适用；庭外核实程序视保密情况采取庭外质证或单向质证的方式。在证据审查上，明确监听译文具备证据能力的三个条件，即监听程序合法、录音清晰明确、翻译内容与录音具有同一性；完善非法技侦证据的排除规则，严重违反实体要件和程序要件的证据予以强制排除，审批文书部分内容缺失、变更办案人员的由法官裁量排除，有利于被告人的违法技侦证据不予排除。

【关键词】监控类技术侦查；出示规则；质证程序；证据能力；排除规则

【中图分类号】D925.2

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2022）01-0083-14

Research on the Use of technical surveillance evidence. Liu Meixiang, Li Zhen. Criminal Procuratorial Research Center of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120.

【Abstract】Technical Surveillance evidence is a powerful weapon in fighting crime, but in the use of such evidence exist various problems, such as the crude rules on chain of custody, the ruleless evidence presentation, the unitary from in evidence examination, insufficient examination of the audio surveillance translation,difficulties in excluding illegally obtained technical surveillance evidence, and so on. The main reason lies in the lack of legislation, the inherent characteristics of technical surveillance evidence and the investigative mysticism. Therefore, the rules of evidence transfer and evidence presentation should be further clarified to ensure the security, confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of evidence during the evidence transfer. Efforts should be taken to expand the use of original evidence, standardize evidence presentation, and restrict the use of illustrative documents as evidence. Evidence examination should follow an orderly organized procedure,which is arranged in the order of "conventional mode -- technical processing mode -- out-of-court verification mode". In the out-of-court verification mode, evidence could be examined by out-of-court cross-examination or one-way cross-examination, when such evidence is confidential. In determining the admissibility of the audio surveillance evidence, the following three conditions should be satisfied: the surveillance procedure is legal,the wiretap recording is clear and definite, and the wiretap translation is identical with the recording. Rules of excluding illegally obtained technical surveillance evidence should also be improved. Evidence should be forcibly excluded if the substantive or procedural requirements are seriously violated. The judge may exclude evidence if certain content of approval document is missing or the case-handling personnel is changed. The illegally obtained technical surveillance evidence should not be excluded if it is in favor of the defendant.

【Key Words】Technical surveillance; Evidence presentation rules; Evidence examination procedure; Evidence capacity; Exclusionary rule