卫跃宁

（中国政法大学，北京 100088）

【摘 要】 无罪推定是被追诉者的一项基本权利，也是被追诉者各项诉讼权利的基础。在刑事诉讼中将无罪推定确立为指导刑事诉讼活动的基本准则，就是无罪推定原则。我国应当在刑事诉讼中彻底确立无罪推定原则。无罪推定及其引申的主要内容应当分为三个层次：证明责任、被追诉者的权利和对被追诉者的权利的保障。由于无罪推定假定被追诉者无罪，对控诉的举证责任应由控方承担，被追诉者不承担无罪的举证责任，所以，被追诉者就没有理由配合控方提供自己犯罪的证据，包括口供。我国刑事诉讼法关于“犯罪嫌疑人对侦查人员的提问，应当如实回答”的规定，违背了无罪推定关于被追诉者不应当承担举证或证明责任的基本精神，使得被追诉者负有帮助侦控方履行举证和证明的义务。这一规定实质上表明我国刑诉法要求被追诉者承担举证或证明责任。因此，从无罪推定的这一层面上说“应当如实回答”是不合理的，应当予以取消。

【关键词】 无罪推定；证明责任；如实陈述；口供制度；完善

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2008）06-0654-10

On the Establishment of the Presumption of Innocence Principle and the Improvement of the Confession

System. Wei Yuening.China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088

【Abstract】 The right to presumption of innocence, as a basic right of the accused, is the basis of all his other rights in an action. The principle of presumption of innocence should be thoroughly established in the criminal procedure of China as the basic principle to guide criminal proceedings. The main contents of the principle and its extended contents can be divided into three levels: burden of proof, rights of the accused and protection of the rights of the accused. According to the principle, the accused is presumed to be innocent,the prosecutor should bear the burden of proof, and the accused needn’t bear the burden, so there is no reason to demand the accused to help the police in collecting such evidence as his confessions used for proving his guilt. Our Criminal Procedure Law provides that “the suspect should answer truthfully the investigator’s questions”, and this provision goes against the basic spirit of the principle of presumption of innocence and imposes on the suspect an obligation to help the police to fulfill their obligation of evidence production and proof. This provision indicates that the accused is subject to the burden of proof in our criminal procedure. Under the principle of presumption of innocence, if it might be established in China, the provision is unreasonable and should be abolished.

【Key words】 Presumption of innocence, Burden of proof, Truthful statement, System of confessions, Improvement