季美君

( 最高人民检察院检察理论研究所, 北京 100040)

【摘 要】在科学技术突飞猛进的时代,随着社会分工的细化和专业化程度的提高,专家证据在诉讼中的作用越来越大。澳大利亚的专家证人制度虽起源于英国,但经过独立后几十年的发展, 颇具特色,尤其是在专家证据的可采性方面, 已形成了一整套相当具体、完备的规则,如专门知识规则、专家性规则、普通知识规则、基本规则和终局性问题规则等。为了克服专家证据带有偏向性和专家证人被滥用的弊端, 澳大利亚在当前的司法改革中提出了不少相应的对策,这为我国亟待改革的司法鉴定制度提供了一些有益的借鉴。

【关键词】专家证据; 可采性规则; 改革趋势; 借鉴作用

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2008)02-0147-12

Study on the Admissibility of Expert Evidence in Australia. Ji Meijun. The Institute of Procuratorial Theory of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Beijing 100040

【Abstract】 Modern science and technology have made the division of labor highly sophisticated. Evidence from experts in their specific fields, as a result, has a more important role to play in criminal proceedings. Though the system of expert witness in Australia originated from England and Wales, it has its own characteristics after several decades of development since Australia gained its independence. The rules of admissibility for expert evidence, in particular, are rather concrete and perfect, on such areas as special knowledge, expertise, common knowledge, basic rule and the rule of ultimate issue. In order to overcome injustice that might be caused by expert evidence and the misuse of expert witnesses, Australia has implemented some counter measures in recent years. This may provide some valuable experiences for reforming the system of judicial forensic science in China.

【Key Words】Expert evidence, Rules of admissibility, Reforms, Learning experiences