陈瑞华

【摘 要】 中国新近颁行的两部证据规定中关于非法证据排除规则的内容非常丰富，对于理论研究和司法实践都具有突破性的意义。非法取证行为和非法证据是适用排除规则的前提和对象，排除规则排除的是证据作为定案根据的可能性。非法证据的种类主要包括非法言词证据、非法实物证据和其他通过非法取证行为获取的证据。绝对排除、相对排除和可补正的排除是排除规则的三种主要的法律后果。证明责任的分配是非法证据排除规则的核心问题，根据两部证据规定的要求，口供和口供以外的其他证据适用不同的证明责任分配制度。最后，根据“程序审查优先原则”，法庭必须优先处理被告方提出的程序性争议。

【关键词】 非法取证行为；非法证据；证明责任；程序审查优先原则

【中图分类号】 D918.9

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226(2010)05-0552-17

Theoretical anlysis on Exclusionary Rules of Illegal Evidence Chen Ruihua. Chen Ruihua. Pelcing University. Beijing 100871

【Abstract】 There is a rich content about the exclusionary rule of illegally obtained evidence in the two evidentiary rules promulgated recently in China, which is significant to theoretical research and judicial practice. Illegal action and illegal evidence are precondition and object of the application of exclusionary rule, which prevents certain evidence from being a verdict base. Illegal evidence includes illegal testimony evidence, illegal real evidence and evidence obtained by other illegal actions. Absolute exclusion, relative exclusion and remediable exclusion are three main consequences of China’s exclusionary rule. Pursuant to newly promulgated evidentiary rules, confessions and other evidence apply different rules of burden of proof which is the core of exclusionary rule. Finally, according to the principle of “priority of procedural examination”, court must first deal with the procedural disputes raised by defendant.

【Key Words】 Illegal action, Illegal evidence, Burden of proof, Principle of “priority of procedural examination”