赵志华

【摘 要】 针对毒品犯罪中“明知”的证明困难，在规范性文件和司法实践中存在一些解决方法，这些解决方法体现了不同的证明标准。 “排除合理怀疑”已经成为毒品案件明知的证明标准，这与2012年刑诉法的确立的标准相契合，也是符合司法实践需要的科学标准。清楚和有说服力的证明标准以及优势证据标准存在风险，不能作为“明知”的证明标准。

【关键词】 明知；证明标准；排除合理怀疑；优势证据标准；毒品犯罪

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2013）03-0325-09

On Standard of Proof of “Knowingly” in Drug Crimes. Zhao Zhihua，The Law School of CUPL，Beijing 100088.

【Abstract】 Since it is difficult to prove “knowingly” in drug crimes, some solutions are presented in the normative documents and judicial practice, and they reflect the different standards of proof. "Beyond a reasonable doubt" has become the standard of proof of “knowingly” in the drug cases, which is fit for the established standard in the new criminal procedure law，and it is also in line with the scientific standard needed in judicial practice.“Clear and convincing evidence” and “preponderance of the evidence”, having the potential risks，cannot be used as the standard of proof of “knowingly”.

【Key Words】 knowingly， Standard of proof， Beyond a reasonable doubt， Preponderance of the evidence，Drug crimes