冀宗儒 孟 亮

【摘 要】 民事案件的裁判，法官首先应当以证据作为工具，确认案件事实并将其作为裁判的基础资料；而在要件事实真伪不明时，则需运用证明责任分配规则作出裁判。 这是法官做出判决时可供使用的两种截然不同的方法。 前者是法官在认知了案件事实后适用法律进行裁判；后者是法官无法认知事实时，运用法律技术作出裁判。证明责任裁判是司法的一种无奈选择，因此，法官作出证明责任裁判时应慎之又慎。为了改变现实中对于真伪不明、证明责任和证明责任分配认识上的众多误解，在判决的表述方面，应突出证明责任裁判的特性要求。

【关键词】 证明责任；真伪不明；证明责任裁判；案件事实；民事诉讼

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2013）03-0314-11

On the Modes of Adjudication of Burden of Proof. Ji Zongru, Professor of University of Internationd Business and Economics; Meng Liang, Ph. D Candidate, University of Internationd Business and Economics.

【Abstract】 There are two different ways for judges to adjudicate in civil litigations. On usual occasions,judges will base on the evidence to clarify the facts and to render the judgments accordingly. However, when the material facts are indeterminate, the adjudication of distribution of the burden of the proof will be made. By the former approach, the judge adjudicates a case applying laws after clarifying the facts while by the latter approach,the judge adopts the technique of law to solve a case when the facts are not clear. The distribution of burden of the proof is the last choice for judges, and it should be rendered with the extreme caution. In order to clarify the misunderstandings of the indeterminacy of the facts, the burden of proof and its distribution, emphasis should be put on the characteristics of the burden of proof when formulating the judgment.

【Key Words】 Burden of Proof， Indeterminacy of the Facts， Adjudication of Burden of Proof，Facts of the Case, Civil Litigations