———根据关于专家意见可采性的《联邦证据规则》703对待第二手事实的戈尔迪之结

［美］ Edward J. Imwinkelried 著 王进喜 译

【摘 要】 2012 年 6 月美国最高法院在 Williams v. Illinois 案件中，就《联邦证据规则》703 的适用形成了“703 多数意见”、“Crawford 多数意见”和相对多数意见。 本案提出的重要问题是，规则 703 准许的对第二手报告的运用是否构成一个对庭外陈述的合法非传闻运用？ 如果不是，法院在未来如何适用规则 703？ 本文审视了 Williams 案件裁决之前规则 703 的学理状态； 描述了 Williams 案件中各个大法官在规则 703 问题上的立场；讨论了 703 多数意见和相对多数意见之间的争议所涉及的利害关系；从逻辑角度和立法解释角度评估了 各种立场的优劣。

【关键词】 《联邦证据规则》703；第二手报告；传闻例外

【中图分类号】 D918.9

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2013）03-0281-21

The Gordian Knot of The Treatment of Secondhand Facts Under Federal Rule of Evidence 703 Governing The Admissibility of Expert Opinions: Another Conflict Between Logic and Law. Edward J. Imwinkelried.Professor of Law, University of California, Davis

【Abstract】 In June 2012, U.S. Supreme Court considered Williams v. Illinois, and delivered “the 703 majority”, “the Crawford majority,” and the plurality, in which FRE 703 played a prominent role. The essential issues involved in this case are that, does the use of second-hand report sanctioned by Rule 703 constitute a legitimate nonhearsay use of an out-of-court statement? If not, how should the courts apply Rule 703 in the future? This article surveys the state of Rule 703 jurisprudence prior to the Williams decision; describes the positions on the Rule 703 issue that the various justices took in Williams; highlights the stakes involved in the dispute between the 703 majority and the plurality; evaluates the merits of the competing positions both as matter of logic and as a question of statutory construction.

【Key Words】 FRE 703 Second-hand Report, Exception to Hearsay Rule