郭兆明 黄 巍 王 旭

【摘 要】 眼损伤法医学鉴定是法医临床学鉴定中的难点和研究热点，也是最容易出现错误鉴定的地方。 本文针从两例错误鉴定入手，分析错误鉴定主要原因，一是鉴定人未关注病历材料中显示的重要信息，对病历材料中反映的既往病史、损伤动态发展及检查结果未予重视； 二是鉴定人不具备眼损伤检查的基本技 能，过度依赖外部信息。三是鉴定人不具备眼损伤的基础专业知识，对各类信息缺乏准确认识，对常见的眼损伤转归及预后不掌握。 因此，结合上述问题，笔者建议鉴定人应当采取以下对策阻止或减少错误鉴定的发生，（1）完整审阅病历资料、影像学资料是基础；（4）实施细致、完善检查是关键；（3）准确把握鉴定标准是核心；（4）加强鉴定人专业技能和法律意识的提高是根本。

【关键词】 法医临床学，眼损伤，法医学鉴定，错误鉴定

【中图分类号】 D919.4

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2013）04-0454-0

An Analysis on the Erroneous Authentication of Eye Injuries in Forensic Expertise-A Study of Two Cases. Guo Zhaoming, Wang Xu, Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law),Ministry of Education, Beijing, PRC 100088. Huang Wei. Honggutan Public Security Bureau of Nanchang, Jiangxi,PRC 361000.

【Abstract】 The authentication of eye injuries in forensic expertise as a difficult point and research focus in forensic clinical medicine, is one of the most error-prone areas and this paper concludes four primary causes of errors based on two cases of erroneous identification. First, the identifiers have not paid adequate attention to the major information in the medical record, such as the anamnesis, the dynamic development and examination results of the injuries. Second, the identifiers lack the basic skills for eye examinations and is overly dependent on external information. Third, the identifiers lack basic professional knowledge and have no accurate understanding of the information and no mastery of enough knowledge of common outcomes and prognosis of eye injuries. Therefore, the author suggests that the experts take the following measures to reduce and prevent the errors, including a complete review of the medical data and images of the patient records, a careful and thorough examination of the patients,an accurate understanding of the identification standard and an personal improvement of the professional skills and legal awareness.

【Key Words】 Forensic Clinic Medicine, Eye Injuries, Forensic Expertise, Erroneous Identification