毕玉谦

【摘 要】 非法证据排除规则与证据适格性之间的关系，是一种相辅相成的关系。 从本质意义上讲，凡是在法律上被认为丧失或者欠缺证据适格性的证据，都应当在诉讼中受到排除而不得使用。 诉讼的最终裁判结果所体现的公正性应当以程序正义为基础，而程序正义则包括诉讼过程的正当性，即为法律所允许的证据表现形式或者证据方法、取得有关证据资料或者信息来源的手段、方法以及法院在庭审中所采取的证据调查方式的合法性与有效性，这些均为程序正义所能够延及的空间与领域。 反映在三大诉讼证据制度上，证据适格性与证据排除既有共性又有差异，并且差异往往要大于共性。

【关键词】 证据适格性；证据排除；三大诉讼；比较与检视

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2013）04-0389-19

Evidence Competency and Exclusion: Comparison and Review among Civil, Criminal and Administrative Litigations. Bi Yuqian. China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088。

【Abstract】 Exclusion rule of illegal evidence and evidence competency are complementary to each other.Essentially, any evidence lacking evidence competency shall be excluded in the litigations. The justice of the final results of litigations shall be based on procedural justice, which involves the legitimacy of the litigation process, including that evidence or evidence method being presented in legal manifestations, related evidence documents or information sources being achieved by legal and valid means and the court investigating the evidence in a legal and valid way. Exclusion rule of illegal evidence and evidence competency in civil, criminal and administrative litigations have both universality and particularity and differences of the former tend to be greater than the latter one.

【Key Words】 Evidence Competency, Exclusion of Evidence, Three Types of Litigations, Comparison and Review