—海峡两岸刑事法之对话

谢 澍

（中国政法大学刑事司法学院，北京 100088）

【摘 要】1949 年之后，大陆与台湾地区刑事法领域产生理论分野 ：前者学习苏俄，在犯罪论体系上，形成“四要件”的耦合式平面结构，具有强烈的入罪倾向，而在证明模式上，强调证据链条形式上的相互印证，表现出一种异化的“整体主义”，缺乏认知融贯性的同时忽视原子分析 ；后者继受德日，在犯罪论体系上，形成“三阶层”的开放性递进结构，凸显类型化思维，而在证明模式上，注重对个别证据的审查判断，在证明模式的初始化过程中具有“原子主义”色彩，并有序地向“整体主义”过渡。作为约束实体认知与程序指引的“指导形象”，犯罪论体系与刑事司法证明模式的不同选择，导致两岸刑事司法实践样态存在差异，刑法与刑事诉讼法交错适用之效果，也在法官认知过程中得到集中呈现。

【关键词】司法证明；证明模式；印证证明；犯罪论体系；认知科学

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2015）05-0577-12

Criminal theory system and the shaping of criminal judicial proof mode——dialogue about the criminal law and criminal procedure law between mainland China and Taiwan. Xie Shu. 1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization; 2. School of Criminal Law and Justice, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088

【Abstract】After 1949, a separation emerged between mainland China and Taiwan in the field of criminal law theory. Mainland China, learning from Soviet Union and Russia, forms the coupled planar structure of the four-element theory, which maintains a strong tendency of incrimination. Regarding to the proof mode, the mutual verification is required in the chain of evidence. Such proof mode shows not only its dissimilated "holism" but also its lack of the cognitive coherence and ignorance of the atomic analysis. Taiwan, succeeding to German and Japan, forms the exoteric progressive structure of the three-layer system, which highlights the categorical thinking. Regarding to the proof mode,the review and judgment of individual evidence are specifically valued. The process of the initialization of the proof mode is featured not only as an "atomism" style, but also as an orderly transition to the "holism". As the “instructive image” that dominates the substantial cognition and procedural guidelines, the different choice of criminal theory system and criminal judicial proof mode lead to the distinction of the criminal justice practice between mainland China and Taiwan. During the process of judge’s cognition, the effect caused by the interlaced appliance of criminal law and criminal procedure law is presented collectively.

【Key Words】 Judicial proof, Proof mode, Verification proof, Criminal theory system, Cognitive neuroscience