—基于民事司法鉴定的实践逻辑

陈如超

（西南政法大学刑事侦查学院，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】 在当今民事司法实践中，当事人与为法院提供司法鉴定意见的社会鉴定机构及其鉴定人就相 关鉴定问题频起纷争，一度还衍生出暴力事件。追根溯源，鉴定纠纷起源于民事司法，是民事庭审的鉴定 争议解决机制功能失灵与民事纠纷的案件结构等多重因素共同诱导的结果。然而，国家提供的公力救济与 当事人寻求的私力救济皆证明，脱离原审法院的鉴定纠纷解决机制，事实上都进退维谷，而且促使鉴定纠 纷扩大化。鉴定纠纷不单反映民事司法问题与鉴定技术问题，它也是当事人双方深层社会矛盾的表现。所 以，国家应对鉴定纠纷，就应树立“复合解决 / 治理”的理念与体系，但关键在于实现民事司法解决鉴定争 议的制度功能；同时，基于当事人强烈的制度需求，国家也应重塑合理可行的鉴定纠纷解决机制。

【关键词】民事司法；鉴定争议；鉴定纠纷；解决机制

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）02-0225-24

The appraisal disputes and its resolution mechanism-based on the practical logic of civil judicial appraisal.Chen Ruchao. Criminal Investigation Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120.

【Abstract】In today's civil judicial practice, disputes frequently arising from forensic appraisal disputes between the parties and social appraisal institutions as well as their appraisers, even having caused serious incidents of violence.Inquiring into the root of the matter, the appraisal disputes originated from the civil judicial system. It is the common result caused by the failure of the civil appraisal disputes resolution mechanism and the case structure of civil disputes.However, the public relief provided by the state and the private relief sought by the parties have demonstrated that a dispute resolution mechanism disconnected with the trial court was actually in dilemma and even led to exacerbation of the appraisal disputes. The appraisal disputes not only reflect problems in civil justice and in appraisal techniques, but also reflect deep social contradictions between the parties. Therefore, the state should establish a concept of “compound resolution/governance” and a corresponding system to deal with civil judicial appraisal disputes, but the key lies in the realization of the system function to resolve appraisal disputes by civil proceedings. In the meanwhile, based on strong demands from the parties, the state should also reshape a reasonable and feasible appraisal dispute resolution mechanism.

【Key Words】 Civil proceedings, Judicial appraisal disputes, Appraisal disputes, Resolution mechanism