—以集体土地使用权证为例

田勇军 董玉慧

（贵州省委党校法学部，贵阳 550001）

【摘 要】证照既是政府实现社会管理和提供公共服务的工具，也是保障公民权益的工具，在行政法上，证照属于书证之证据范畴；作为证据，证照和行政公文具有“公定力”支撑下的优势证明力，“准公文文书”具有相对优势的证明力，私人书证仅以其内容实现其普通证明力；证照是由“信息内容+公定力”构成且二者可以拆分，因此，“证照－公定力=一般书证”，即，行政主体在证照颁发过程中出现程序违法导致“公定力”丧失情况下，证照仍然有作为一般书证之证据资格；同时，“书证－信息内容 = 物证”。

【关键词】证照；证据能力；证明力

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）02-0162-10

Analysis of the evidentiary competency and probative value of“invalid”administrative license-based on a case study of collective-owned land license. Tian Yongjun, Dong Yuhui. Party School of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of C.P.C., Guiyang 550001,China

【Abstract】Through the licensing authority, the government is able to not only manage to preserve social order, but also protect civil rights. Administrative license is documentary evidence. Administrative license and administrative document, as featured with “De Facto Force”, maintain superior probative value.“Quasiadministrative document”is regarded as relatively probative evidence. Personal statement is probative in proving the truth of the content. The administrative license is composed of“information and De Facto Force”, which can be splitted apart. Thus, it is a fact that“administrative license - De Facto Force = ordinary documentary evidence”.It means that the administrative license, even though lacking “De Facto Force” for the violation of the licensing procedure, can still be used as ordinary documentary evidence. Meanwhile,“documentary evidence - information = material evidence”.

【Key Words】 Administrative license, Evidentiary competency, Probative value