—基于现代证明科学进路的探索

周洪波 熊晓彪

（西南民族大学法学院，成都 610041）

【摘 要】现代法治社会对案件事实进行精确认定以实现惩罚犯罪和保障无辜这一双重目标的需求，以及出于对事实裁判者的主观规制与提高证明标准可操作适用性之考量，使得第三层次有罪判决证明标准之构建成为迫切必要。现代证明科学的兴起与发展，为构建第三层次的有罪判决证明标准提供了全新的视野与路径。基于证明科学进路，通过探寻并确立庭审证据分析与证据评价之科学有效方法和规则，能够找到满足证据分析与证据评价的科学且精细化之指标 , 运用这些指标最终能够塑造出第三层次有罪判决证明标准这样一个“动态模具”。该标准在性质上属于或然性标准，具体包含四项科学且精细化的指标。裁判者通过运用有效的方法能够合理判断庭审证明是否符合这四项指标，并据此获得精确且正当可接受的裁判事实。

【关键词】第三层次有罪判决证明标准；事实认定；证明科学；证据分析；证据评价

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）02-0133-20

Technical establishment of the third level standard of proof for conviction-exploring the theories of modern science of proof. Zhou Hongbo, Xiong Xiaobiao. Southwest University for Nationalities Law School, Chengdu, 610041 China

【Abstract】Due tothe pursuit of punishing crimes and protecting the innocent on the basis of accurate fact finding in the modern society with rule of law, and the necessity to regulate the subjective thinking of the fact-finders and to enhance the applicability of the standard of proof, it becomes urgent to establish the thirdlevel standard of proof for conviction. The rise and development of modern science of proof has provided a freshperspective and new path for establishing suchstandard of proof. Based on the theories of the science of proof, and through exploring and establishing proper and effective rules for the analysis and evaluation of evidence at trial, we can find the scientific and precise indexes for evidence analysis and evaluation. By using such indexes,a dynamic modeof the thirdlevel standard of proof for conviction can be eventually created. This standard of proof is essentially a probability standard with four preciseindexes. The judge can reasonably decide whether the proof of fact meets the four indexesbyapplying effective methods, and thus make a correct and acceptable judgment.

【Key Words】 The third level standard of proof for conviction, Fact finding, Science of proof, Analysis of evidence, Evaluation of evidence