—从《联邦证据规则》与《加州证据法典》之对比中获得的启示

[美]Edward J. Imwinkelried 著 王进喜 刘孟尧 译

【摘 要】 美国《联邦证据规则》作为英美成文证据法的典范，常常受到我国学者的青睐。但该规则并非可资借鉴的唯一美国模式。生效于 1967 年的《加州证据法典》被普遍认为在对普通法规则的修正方面获得了成功。其影响不仅限于加州地区，而且美国《联邦证据规则》中许多条款都曾以《加州证据法典》中的相应规定为范本。但在许多情况下，《加州证据法典》与《联邦联邦规则》在调整同一问题的规定之间也存在着明显的差异，它们体现了起草者不同的政策选择。理解这些差异有助于中国证据法改革者做出最契合本国文化和法律价值观的证据性选择。

【关键词】《联邦证据规则》；《加州证据法典》；对比；证据法改革

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）05-0569-44

The choices facing chinese evidence reformers: The sight to be gained from a comparison of the federal rules of evidence and the california evidence code. Edward J. Imwinkelried. Translated by Wang Jinxi, Liu Mengyao. Institute of evidence Sciences, China University of Political Science and Law.

【Abstract】The Federal Rules of Evidence, as a model of codified evidence rules of Anglo-American law, has gained a huge appreciation among Chinese scholars. The California Evidence Code, which became effective in 1967, is deemed to be successful in updating the common law evidence rules. Not only does the code significantly influence the judicial practice in California, but also many provisions of the California Evidence Code have set model for the drafting of the Federal Rules of Evidence. However, in many instances, the same issue is addressed differently under the California Evidence Code and the Federal Rules of Evidence. It reflects lawmakers’ different policy concerns. Understanding the distinction between the two evidence laws will help Chinese evidence law reformers make choices that are in great conformity with Chinese cultural and legal values.

【Key Words】 Federal rules of evidence, California evidence code, Comparison, Evidence law reform