—从对一起借贷案的审判谈起

阮堂辉

（中南民族大学法学院，湖北 武汉 430074）

【摘 要】学界与实务界对推定概念众说纷纭，导致推定与证明之间的关系混乱，尤其是“事实推定”概念的存在，更使得推定与证明概念和关系难以厘清。为了在逻辑上理顺推定与证明的关系，推定只能被界定为一种法律规则，而所谓的“事实推定”本质上是间接证据推论过程，应属于证明概念范畴。推定制度的现代意义在于解决证明困难、实现证明标准统一、促进案件事实形式公正等诸多方面。现代司法应根据司法实践需要和可能性两方面来考虑推定规则的创制与运用。

【关键词】推定；法律推定；间接证明

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）04-0408-12

On the concept of presumption and its application rules – starting from trial of a debt collection case. Ruan Tanghui, Law School of South-Central University for Nationalities

【Abstract】The academic and practical circles have very different opinions on the concept of presumption, which leads to the confusion of the relationship between presumption and proof. In particular, existence of the concept of "factual presumption" makes it more difficult to clarify the concept and relationship of presumption and proof. In order to logically rationalize the relationship between presumption and proof, presumption can only be defined as a legal rule, but the so-called "factual presumption" is essentially a reasoning process of circumstantial evidence, which belongs to the concept of proof. The modern significance of the presumption system lies in resolving the fact-finding difficulties, unifying the standard of proof, promoting the judicial justice and so on. Modern justice should consider the creation and application of presumption rules based on the needs and possibilities of judicial practice.

【Key Words】 Presumption, Legal presumption, Indirect proof