元 轶

（中国政法大学民商法学院，北京 100088）

【摘 要】本文分析对象在于司法精神病鉴定与强制医疗程序间的关系问题 , 在于看似分布于刑事诉讼法不同章节和范畴的制度间的联系问题，正是司法精神病鉴定对强制医疗程序的整体构造发生着决定性的影响。法官在面对普通证据的审查判断上，由于缺乏心证能力，导致在实践中出现“相对证据证明力法定化”现象，而在鉴定意见这样的科学证据面前，则进一步陷入“绝对证据证明力法定化”境地，而当问题最终进入强制医疗程序中的精神病鉴定这个特殊领域，则因为司法精神病鉴定又不同于一般科学鉴定，从而导致出现更为严重的问题。也就是说，本文讨论的焦点其实并非广义上的鉴定问题，而是特指其中的司法精神病鉴定，但是，要想对该问题进行深入分析，就必须首先对普通证据的审查判断进行第一个层面的分析，继而在此基础之上，对科学证据的审查甄别进行第二层次的分析，最终，才能透过这两层分析，清晰看到作为科学证据中的特殊种类—司法精神病鉴定的法官判断问题，而法官对这 一特殊种类证据的判断，正是决定强制医疗程序本身性质归属的关键所在。同时，这也是司法精神病鉴 定与强制医疗程序二者结合的联接点所在，是将传统刑诉研究中并未关联的两种制度进行系统化分析的 基础。

【关键词】强制医疗程序构造；司法精神病鉴定；科学证据

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）03-0354-11

The overall structure theory of compulsory medical treatment. Yuan Yi. Civil, Commercial and Economic Law School, CUPL, Beijing 100088.

【Abstract】The analysis of this paper is the relationship between forensic psychiatric appraisal and compulsory medical treatment,that is, the connection between different systems provided in chapters and categories of the criminal procedural law, since the forensic psychiatric appraisal has a decisive influence on overall construction of the compulsory medical treatment. As the judges lack the ability of free evaluation when examining ordinary evidences,it leads to the phenomenon of “probative value legalization of relative evidence”;when faced withscientific evidence like appraisal opinion, it further leads to the phenomenon of “probative value legalization of absolute evidence”.And when we finally come into the psychiatric appraisal area of compulsory medical treatment procedure, it will bring more serious problems, because forensic psychiatric appraisal is different from common scientific evaluation. In other words, the focus of this paper is not a broad sense of appraisal problems, but specifically refers to the forensic psychiatric appraisal.However, in order to analyze more deeply, it is necessary to do the first level analysis to the examination of ordinary evidence, then on the basis of first level analysis, we make the second level analysis to the examination of scientific. And ultimately through these two-level analysis, we can clearly observe the evaluation problem of the specific category of scientific evidence——forensic psychiatric appraisal,and the judge’s evaluation of this particular type of evidence is the key to determining the nature of compulsory medical treatment itself. Meanwhile, this is also the connection point between forensic psychiatric appraisal and compulsory medical treatment, which is the basis of systematic analysis of the two independent system in traditional criminal procedure.

【Key Words】 Construction of compulsory medical treatment procedure, Forensic psychiatric appraisal,Scientific evidence