—基于环境损害责任纠纷实践的分析

朱晋峰

（司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所，上海 200063；南京师范大学法学院，江苏 南京 210023）

【摘 要】环境问题已经成为影响社会公众身体健康、生存条件的基础性问题。然而，近年来随着我 国环境问题的突出，有关部门对环境污染行为也加大了相应的惩处力度。囿于环境问题牵涉空气、地表水、地下水、土壤、动植物等众多专业领域，一般人员往往难以通过自身知识对这些专业性问题进行判 定。故借助于专业机构的专业人士的判定也就成为必要，其甚至在一定程度上能够在环境污染案件的审理中发挥决定性作用。随着司法部商请最高人民法院、最高人民检察院同意，将环境损害司法鉴定纳入司法鉴定统一管理范畴，我国环境损害司法鉴定进入长效发展时期。然而，由于我国环境损害司法鉴定发展较晚，实践中还存在环境损害司法鉴定主体性缺失、鉴定业务范围无法满足诉讼需求、专家证人和 专家陪审员制度待完善、鉴定费用过高等问题，亟需予以完善。

【关键词】环境损害司法鉴定；鉴定业务范围；专家证人；专家陪审员；鉴定费用

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）01-0065-15

Probing environmental forensic science: an analysis based on environmental damage liability disputes. Zhu Jinfeng. Institute of forensic science, ministry of justice, PRC, Shanghai 200063; Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023.

【Abstract】Environmental contamination has become a fundamental problem which affects health and living conditions of the public. However, in response to salient environmental problems, relevant departments have taken tough punitive measures against environmental contamination in recent years. For environmental contamination always relates to air, surface water, groundwater, soil, plants, animals, and many other areas that employs special expertise, an ordinary examiner is unable to explain these professional issues. Therefore, it is necessary to turn to specialists from professional institutions. Examinations made by these specialists, to a certain extent, play a decisive role in environmental pollution cases. As approved by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Procuratorate, environmental forensic examination has been incorporated into the unified management of the forensic examination. Environmental forensic examination will face a long period of sustainable development. However, because the development of environmental forensic science starts relatively late, there is a great need of resolving the following problems - lack of environmental forensic examiner, limited scope of forensic examination, incomplete expert witness and expert juror system, huge fees for forensic examination and other issues.

【Key Words】 Environmental forensic science, Scope of forensic examination, Expert witness, Expert juror, Forensic examination fees