陈 浩

（烟台大学法学院，山东烟台 264005）

【摘 要】即时通讯记录证据属于电子数据，除主体匿名、原件复合、语境随意等属性外，还具有静态、动态双重独立性。民事诉讼领域，最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》 首度明确即时通讯记录的证据地位，但通讯方式瞬时性、通讯信道无形性、通讯内容非稳定性等因素却合力引致其当前混同于其他证据的共通性，司法认定无法涵盖该类证据的全部独特性。主体层面的真实性认定困境、原件层面的合法性认定困境、语义层面的关联性认定困境以及证明力优先规则未得细化，均要求在其证据地位已获独立性认可后实施更具实质意味的围绕其司法认定过程的独立化研究，基于此，构建与完善即时通讯记录鉴真规则、辨识规则、最佳证据规则、证明力优先规则成为破解其司法认定可 采性与可信性瓶颈的理性进路。

【关键词】IM；司法认定；即时通讯记录；电子证据

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2017）01-0053-12

Research on the judicial recognition of instant messaging data. Chen Hao. Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005

【Abstract】Instant Messaging data (IM data) is a kind of electronic data evidence, which features anonymous subjects, compound originals, random context and also independent both statically and dynamically. The admissibility of IM data has been clarified by the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law of the PRC for the first time. However, IM data is easily confused with common feature of other evidence because of its following characteristics: transient communication methods, invisible communication channel and unstable communication content, which cannot be fully enclosed by judicial recognition. In the judicial recognition process of such evidence, the difficulties in cognizance of the authenticity of subject, legitimacy of originals and relevancy on sematic level, and limited rules of probative value call for a more independent and substantial research, Accordingly, establishment and improvement of a set of new rules including authentication rule, identification rule, the best evidence and a priority of probative value become a scientific approach to determine the reliability and credibility of IM data evidence.

【Key Words】 IM, Judicial recognition, Instant messaging data, Electronic evidence