[美] William C.Thompson [瑞士] Joelle Vuille  [瑞士] Franco Taroni [瑞士] Alex Biedermann 著 汪诸豪 译

【摘 要】法庭科学正在发生巨变，尤其是对从事指纹、鞋印、刀痕、笔迹及诸如此类图形比对的鉴定专家们而言。司法鉴定人正在以新的方式得出结论，并在改变他们报告和证言中所使用的语言。本文解释了这些变化，及其给律师和法官们带来的挑战。

【关键词】法庭科学；专家；图形比对科目；确定性与可能性；似然比；出错率

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）04-0503-11

After uniqueness: the evolution of forensic-science opinions. William C.Thompson, Joelle Vuille, Franco Taroni, Alex Biedermann. Translated by Wang Zhuhao. (1.Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing,100088; 2.Key Laboratory for Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing,100088).

【Abstract】Big Changes are occurring in forensic science, particularly among experts who compare the patterns found in fingerprints, footwear impressions, toolmarks, handwriting, and the like. Forensic examiners are reaching conclusions in new ways and changing the language they use in reports and testimony. This article explains these changes and the challenges they pose for lawyers and judges.

【Key Words】 Forensic science, Expert, Pattern-matching disciplines, Certainty and probability, Likelihood ratio, Error rate