周 庆 李 蔚

（郑州大学法学院，郑州 450001）

【摘 要】当民事诉讼案件存在证明妨碍时，证明妨碍规则便成为证明责任规则无法适用的补缺机制， 以维护当事人的诉讼权益及公正地解决纠纷。国家提供全面的立法和统一的司法是该功能有效实现的基 础，然而，我国证明妨碍理论研究成果不统一难以充分指导立法和司法，法典仅规定公法制裁无裁判规 则而司法解释粗疏难堪重担，司法实务混乱且错用率高，以致其补缺功能受限。鉴于此，应当以补救被 妨碍者和惩罚妨碍者为规则目的，选取五种理论为依据，通过“五步走”健全立法，着手两个“理性” 完善司法，以期优化证明妨碍规则。

【关键词】民事诉讼；证明妨碍；构成要件

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）01-0029-17

Analysis on the evidential hinderance in civil litigation. Zhou Qing, Li Wei. School of Law, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001.

【Abstract】When evidential hinderance exists in civil case, the rule of evidential hinderance is a compensatory mechanism whenthe rule of burden of proof cannot be applied, so as toprotect the litigation rights of the parties and resolve the disputes fairly. The comprehensive and unifiedlegislative and judicial system provided by the government is the basis for achieving those goals. However, our research on the theory of evidential hinderance has not yet been unified, and it is difficult to use it to fullyguide legislative and judicial practice. The law only stipulatespublic-law sanctions anddose not stipulates rules for adjudication.Furthermore,the judicial interpretation is too general. In judicial practice,the rules are applied confusingly and easily misused,while the function of evidential hinderance rules is limited. Therefore, the rule should be aimed at remedying the impeded party and punishing the impeding party. We should select five theories as the basis of the rule and improve the legislation through the“five steps”approach,and improve the administration of justice with two “rationalities”, so as to optimizing the rule of evidentiary hinderance.

【Key Words】 Civil litigation, Evidentiary hinderance, Constitutive elements