孙晓玉

（西南科技大学法学院，四川绵阳 621010）

【摘 要】美国刑事司法系统如同其他国家一般存在系统性风险与结构性缺陷，随着研究的丰富，学者和律师已关注并确认了与错误定罪相关的原因主要包括目击证人的错误辨认，瑕疵法医学证据，虚假供述，不择手段的监狱举报人，无效的法律援助以及控方行为失当。为有效应对上述问题，美国刑事司 法系统发展除官方和民间两套救济系统。本文从具有创新性的官方救济组织－北卡罗莱纳无罪调查委员会入手，介绍该委员会的源起、具体程序，从而归纳委员会相较于其他组织的特征以及其特征本身对其 良性运转的利弊。

【关键词】无罪调查委员会；虚假供述；个案纠错；系统改革

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）06-0678-09

A brief analysis of the north carolina innocence inquiry commission. Sun Xiaoyu. (Southwest University of Science and Technology, Law School).

【Abstract】The criminal justice system in the United States has systemic risks and structural defects as in other countries. Scholars and lawyers have confirmed that the reasons related to wrong conviction mainly include the misidentification of eyewitnesses, flawed forensic evidence, false confessions, unscrupulous jail house informant, ineffective assistance of defense counsel and prosecutorial misconduct. To address the above problems,the US criminal justice system has developed two sets of relief systems, i.e. official and non-governmental arrangements. This article starts with an innovative official relief organization- the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission, followed by origins and specific procedures of the commission, and then summarizes the characteristics of the commission compared to other organizations, and the pros and cons of its characteristics in its operation..

【Key Words】Innocent inquiry commission, False confession, Case correction, System reform