[美]Jeff Kukuckaa [美]Saul M. Kassinb [美]Patricia A. Zapf b [英]Itiel E. Drorc 著   王进喜 译

（中国政法大学证据科学研究院，北京 100088）

【摘 要】 接触不相关的背景信息，会造成法证科学证据判断受到确认偏见的影响（Kassin, Dror, &Kukucka, 2013）。但是，一些法证科学检验人员似乎认为，没有必要进行盲测。为了评估法证科学检验人员关于认知偏见的范围和性质的信念，我们调查了来自 21 个国家的403名有经验的检验人员。总的来看，检验人员认为他们自己的判断几乎是绝对可靠的，表现出的仅仅是对认知偏见的有限理解和认识。大多数检验人员认为，他们能免受偏见影响，或者靠意志力能够减少偏见，不到半数的人支持盲测。此外，许多检验人员表现出了偏见盲点（Pronin, Lin, & Ross, 2002），承认其他领域存在偏见，但是其自己所在的领域不存在偏见，其他检验人员存在偏见，但是他们自己不存在偏见。这些调查结果强化了程序改革的必要性，即将法证科学检验人员屏蔽于可能有偏见的信息，这一点在其他科学领域已经司空见惯。

【关键词】确认偏见；盲测；专家决策；法证科学；偏见盲点

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）06-0666-12

Cognitive bias and blindness: a global survey of forensic science examiners. Jeff Kukuckaa,Saul M. Kassinb,Patricia A. Zapf b,Itiel E. Drorc.Translated by Wang Jinxi, Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing 100088, China;Key Laboratory of Evidence Science China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100088, China.

【Abstract】Exposure to irrelevant contextual information prompts confirmation-biased judgments of forensic science evidence (Kassin, Dror, &Kukucka, 2013). Nevertheless, some forensic examiners appear to believe that blind testing is unnecessary. To assess forensic examiners’ beliefs about the scope and nature of cognitive bias, we surveyed 403 experienced examiners from 21 countries. Overall, examiners regarded their judgments as nearly infallible and showed only a limited understanding and appreciation of cognitive bias. Most examiners believed they are immune to bias or can reduce bias through mere willpower, and fewer than half supported blind testing. Furthermore, many examiners showed a bias blind spot (Pronin, Lin, & Ross, 2002), acknowledging bias in other domains but not their own,and in other examiners but not themselves. These findings underscore the necessity of procedural reforms that blind forensic examiners to potentially biasing information, as is commonplace in other branches of science.

【Key Words】 Confirmation bias, Blind testing, Expert decision-making, Forensic science, Bias blind spot