—以美国 Reid 讯问法为研究视角

孟 婕

（中国人民大学法学院；北京 100086）

【摘 要】五十余年来，Reid 讯问法在美国刑事侦查活动中占据举足轻重的地位。这种由九个步骤构成的讯问技术在协助警方发现案件真相方面具有一定的积极作用。但近年来伴随DNA检测等技术的兴起，则暴露出可能造成嫌疑人虚假供述，继而导致产生冤假错案的弊病。究其根由在于该方法预先假定了嫌疑人有罪，违反无罪推定原则，通过“对抗”的方式造成对沉默权的克减；过早向嫌疑人传递具有导向性的案件信息，或者提供伪造的证据，最终致使供述的自愿性、真实性大为减损。基于该方法的现实有效性，宜通过引入非对抗性要素、保障弱势人群、尊重口供规则和强化录音录像等方式进行纠偏，保障供述的自愿性及真实性，以期更好实现惩治犯罪与保障人权的目的。

【关键词】Reid 讯问法；虚假供述；对抗性讯问；无罪推定；口供规则；调查式访谈

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）06-0656-10

The inducement and containment of false confession — from the perspective of U.S. reid interrogation method. Meng Jie, Law School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100086.

【Abstract】For more than 50 years, the Reid Interrogation Method has played a pivotal role in U.S. criminal investigation activities. This nine-step interrogation technique has a positive effect in helping the police discover the truth of the case. However, in recent years, with the rise of technologies such as DNA detection, it has revealed that the Reid Interrogation Method may induce the suspect to make false confession, and then lead to a miscarriage of justice.The primary reason for such negative effects lies in the fact that this method presumes that the suspect is guilty, which violates the principle of presumption of innocence, and infringes the right to remain silent by means of “confrontation”; the voluntariness and authenticity of the confession are also be greatly diminished by the premature transmission of guiding case-related information or by the provision of falsified evidence to the suspect. In consideration of the practical effectiveness of the Reid Interrogation Method, it is advisable to introduce various corrective measures concerning nonconfrontational elements, safeguard for vulnerable groups, abiding by the rules on confession and strengthening the recording and videotaping to ensure the voluntariness and authenticity of the confession, so that the Reid Interrogation Method can better attain both of the purposes to punish crimes and to protect human rights.

【Key Words】 The reid interrogation method, False confession, Confrontational interrogation, Presumption of innocence, Rules on confession, Survey interview