李 尧¹   张鹏莉²

（1.公安部办公厅，北京 100741；2.中国政法大学刑事司法学院，北京 100088）

【摘 要】在以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革背景下，立法对证据能力的审查门槛总体上将愈发提高，司法机关对证据能力审查标准的执行将愈发严格。相应地，侦查主体应着力规范取证程序，积极维护证据材料的证据能力，避免非法取证、增强执法公信力。由实务分析可知，第一，取证者应主动、及 时对重复供述采取“稀释措施”修复其证据能力。第二，取证者要避免“牵强取证”，摒弃“由‘非法取供’到证”的取证陋习。第三，取证者须严格落实各项取证规范，减少因程序粗疏导致的证据能力瑕 疵。由比较研究可知，美国警讯自白可采性审查制度的历史发展脉络，能为我国讯问程序的规范化建设 提供启发；德国法中对人身实施“有损检查”的条件限制及比例原则的适用，可为完善我国相关程序提供借鉴。

【关键词】侦查取证；证据能力；程序规范；实务分析；比较研究

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）05-0584-10

Research on the due process of criminal evidence collection——from the perspective of protection of competence of evidence. Li Yao, General Office, Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100741; Zhang Pengli, Criminal Justice College, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088.

【Abstract】Against a background of trial-centered reform for criminal procedure, legislation on the review of competence of evidence would be promoted as a whole and judicial authority would review the competence of evidence more and more strictly according to the related regulations. Accordingly, investigators should attach significance to the due process of criminal evidence collection and protection of competence of evidence,avoiding violation of human rights and enhancing credibility of law enforcement. On the approach of case study,firstly, investigators should willingly and duly conduct “purge measure” to renovate the competence of repeated confessions. Secondly, farfetched evidence collection should be avoided, and evidence collection from unlawful interrogation should be abolished. Thirdly, investigators should implement evidence collection rules strictly to reduce procedural faults which lead to flaw of competence of evidence. On the approach of comparative study,firstly, rules for reviewing the admissibility of confession from police interrogation in the U. S. could give some enlightenment for the due process of interrogation in China. Secondly, regulations for physical examination and Proportionality from German Code and cases could be used for refining related system in China.

【Key Words】 Criminal evidence collection, Competence of evidence, Due process, Case study,Comparative study