—“程序二元、证据一体”理论模型之提出

李 勇

（东南大学法学院 江苏南京 210041）

【摘 要】监察体制改革是一种全新的制度设计，《监察法》与《刑事诉讼法》衔接遇到一系列新问题，这些新问题在传统刑事诉讼理论视域下呈现出“悖论现象”。立足于证据与程序具有相对独立性的理论基础，“程序二元、证据一体”理论模型能够为这一系列“悖论现象”提供妥当的解决方案。在立案、强制 措施等程序性问题上，监察程序与刑事诉讼程序是二元独立的，在这个意义上，监察机关办案不直接适 用《刑事诉讼法》的程序规定；但在证据问题上，监察机关调查行为所搜集的证据，都要符合《刑事诉 讼法》的要求，在这个意义上，证据是一体的 ,《监察法》规定不够全面的，实行“未尽事宜参照《刑 事诉讼法》”；《监察法》规定的比《刑事诉讼法》更严格的，实行“就高不就低”。“程序二元、证据一体” 理论模型，能够顺利解决案件从监察机关到检察机关的衔接、留置措施到刑事强制措施的衔接、退回补 充调查的衔接、初核阶段的言词证据及技术调查证据的衔接、监察人员出庭作证等一系列难题，是现实情况下保障监察调查在最低限度的法治轨道内运行的相对合理的方案。

【关键词】监察法；刑事诉讼法；程序二元；证据一体

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2018）05-0563-14

Research on the coherence between the supervision law and the criminal procedure law: proposal of the theoretical model of "procedure duality and evidence integration". Li Yong, PhD, School of Law, Southeast University, 210041.

【Abstract】The reform of the supervisory system is a brand new system design. The connecting of the "Supervision Law" and the "Criminal Procedure Law" has encountered a series of new problems, which have appeared some "paradox phenomena" in field of traditional criminal litigation theory. Based on the theory that the evidence and procedure are relatively independent, the theoretical model of "procedure duality and evidence integration" can provide a proper solution for this series of paradoxical phenomena. Regarding the procedural issues as case-filing and compulsory measures, the Supervisory organs does not directly apply the procedural provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, which means the supervisory procedure and the criminal procedure are two independent procedures; but on the issue of evidence, all the evidence collected by the Supervisory organs must comply with the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Law, which means the evidence is integrated. As for the evidence, if the provisions of the Supervisory Law are not comprehensive enough, "unspecific issues apply to the Criminal Procedure Law"; if issues stipulated by Supervision Law are stricter than provisions in Criminal Procedure Law, it should implement higher standard. The theoretical model of "procedure duality and evidence integration" can solve problems such as the connection of the case from the Supervisory organ to the Procurator organ, the connection from the retention measure to the criminal compulsory measure, the connection of the returned for supplementary investigation, the connection of the testimonial evidence at the preliminary verification and the technical investigation evidence and the difficulties in Supervisors testifying in court. This theoretical model is a reasonable solution to ensure that surveillance investigations operate within the requirement of rule of law.

【Key Words】 Supervision law, Criminal procedure law, Procedure duality, Evidence integration