——以形式关联性为中心

李祥雨  张小玲*(中国人民公安大学，北京100038)

【摘要】鉴真作为证据能力审查的前置程序，契合了电子数据在刑事诉讼中证据程序性认定的需求，满足了形式关联性的考察目的，发挥着证据门槛的重要作用。然而在国内实践中，对鉴真概念的认识不够准确，导致了鉴真的证明责任性质不清、证明标准异化、鉴真方法发挥作用有限，存在较大提升空间。为了保障电子数据在刑事诉讼中的证据适用，应确立以形式关联性为中心的鉴真规则，打造以证据控制和提取者为基础的证明责任分配规则，形成以刑事诉讼视野下的高度盖然性为证明标准，巧用外部鉴真和自我鉴真融合的证明方法，是较为妥当的系统性处理方案。

【关键词】电子数据;鉴真;形式关联性;高度盖然性;自我鉴真

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2024)01-0083-10

Construction of electronic data authentication rules-an analysis centered on formal relevance.Li Xiangyu,Zhang Xiaoling.People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038.

【Abstract】Authentication,as a preliminary examination of admissibility,fits the need of the procedural guarantee of the electronic data’s admissibility in criminal proceedings,meets the purpose of formal relevance examination,and plays an important role in setting the threshold of admissibility.However,in practice,the domestic inaccurate comprehension of the concept of authentication,results in an unclear understanding of the nature of the burden of proving authentication,the alienation of the standard of proof,and the constraint of the usage of authentication methods.So there is large room for improvement.In order to safeguard the admissibility of electronic data in criminal proceedings,it is necessary to establish authentication rules which are centered on formal relevance,create the rules of proof burden allocation based on evidence control and evidence extractors,and establish a high degree of preponderance standard in the context of criminal proceedings.Skillfully applying the proof method which integrates the external authentication and self-authentication could be a more appropriate and systematic solution.

【Key Words】Electronic data;Authentication;Formal relevance;High degree of preponderance;Self-authentication