吴纪奎*(天津市高级人民法院，天津300100)

【摘要】在我国，证人不愿作证的一个重要原因是证人作证保护制度存在严重缺陷。为此，我国有必要细化证人保护措施，强化对证人身份信息的保密措施，明确泄露证人身份信息、违反证人保护禁止令等的刑事责任;有必要改变公安机关、检察院、法院分阶段保护证人的证人保护模式，改由公安机关集中统一负责证人保护，并在公安机关建立专职的证人保护部门;有必要强化证人保护程序的协商性，建立公安机关与证人就证人保护进行协商的机制，以及证人对保护决定不服的救济机制;有必要强化证人经济补助的全面性，建立证人作证的日津贴、经济帮助、伤亡补偿等制度。

【关键词】证人保护;保护措施;责任主体;决定程序;经济补助

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2024)02-0188-13

Reconstruction of witness protection system in criminal cases.Wu Jikui.The High People’s Court of Tianjin Municipality,Tianjin 300100.

【Abstract】In China,one important reason why witnesses are unwilling to testify is that the witness protection system maintains serious defects.Hence,firstly,it is necessary to refine witness protection measures by enhancing the confidentiality of witness identity information and clarifying criminal responsibilities for witness identity information leakage and witness protection writ violations.Secondly,it is necessary to switch from the existing witness protection model,which allows the public security organs,prosecutorial authorities and courts to respectively take responsibilities to protect witnesses in different criminal proceeding stages,to a new model which permits public security organs to take full control of the witness protection and to establish a standing witness protection department.Thirdly,it is necessary to enhance the negotiability of the witness protection mechanism by establishing a mechanism that allows the witnesses to negotiate with public security organs on witness protection,and a relief mechanism for witnesses who are not satisfied with the protection order.Furthermore,it is necessary to comprehensively enhance the witness economic subsidies by establishing witness compensation package which covers daily allowances,financial aid,and casualty compensation.

【Key Words】Witness protection;Protective measures;Responsibility subject;Decision-making procedure;Financial aid