——兼论我国司法鉴定行业统计及机构设置

张宇宽*(西南政法大学，重庆401120)

【摘要】司法鉴定机构的设置及其资源配置一直以来都是司法鉴定管理体制改革的重要一环。司法鉴定机构在我国作为司法鉴定人的工作单位和鉴定意见的最终出具单位，其机构设置及资源配置对于一个司法辖区的司法质量也有着较大影响。本文以比较研究为视角，首先评述美国四次公立法庭科学犯罪实验室普查报告及两次法医及验尸官办公室系列普查报告的主要结果，并与我国司法鉴定行业统计及机构设置现状进行比较。通过比较分析，发现我国司法鉴定管理体制下的司法鉴定行业统计具有独特优势，但其统计项目和范围有待改良，尤其应尽快开展鉴定机构运行预算的调查与相关统计。与此同时，我国司法鉴定机构小而多的现状尚未改变，在健全统一司法鉴定管理体制的大背景下，应当坚持统筹协调的发展道路，完善退出机制，适应需要发展司法鉴定队伍，并探索对现有鉴定机构资源的进一步整合。

【关键词】法庭科学犯罪实验室;法医局及验尸官机构;司法鉴定机构;行业统计;机构设置

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2024)01-0105-25

A Review of the Census of Publicly Funded Forensic Crime Laboratories and the Census of Medical Examiner and Coroner Offices in the United States:an analysis of the establishment of census of forensic laboratories in China and the organizational structure.Zhang Yukuan.Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China.

【Abstract】The establishment and resource allocation of forensic labs have always been considered an important part in the forensic management system reform.As forensic labs are the entities responsible for employing experts and issuing final expert opinions,the organizational structure and resource allocation of the forensic labs significantly impact on the judicial quality within a jurisdiction.Taking a comparative view,this study first reviews the main results of the four reports of the Census of Publicly Funded Forensic Crime Laboratories and two reports of the Census of Medical Examiner and Coroner Offices in the United States,and then compares those results with the census of forensic labs and the organizational structure in current China.This comparative analysis reveals that the census of forensic labs generated in the current forensic management system in China has unique advantages.However,further reforms are required for the survey contents and scopes.In particular,the survey of budget needed to support forensic labs and relevant statistical analysis should be carried out as soon as possible.At the same time,the current forensic lab structure marked by small size and large amount remains unchanged.Within the context of facilitating a uniform management system for forensic labs,it is necessary to adhere to a path which emphasizes on coordinated and harmonious development,improve the market withdrawal mechanism,develop forensic teams according to the practical need,and seek to further integrate the resources of existing forensic labs.

【Key Words】Forensic crime laboratories;Medical examiner and coroner offices;Forensic labs;Census of forensic labs;Organizational structure