——尊重听从与教育判断的递进耦合

卢海燕  邓虹*(昆明医科大学法医学院，云南昆明650500)

【摘要】面对科学证据祛魅之后带来的审查难挑战，法官在实践中形成了尊重听从模式和教育判断模式的应对方式。但将两种模式对立并由法官视情形择一选择的主流观念却无力回应法官从教育判断模式转向尊重听从模式的正当性之疑问。结合科学证据的结构可发现尊重听从模式和教育判断模式不但不存在对立，反而存在着程度上、阶段上的递进。因此，法官对科学证据的审查或许可以尝试两种模式递进耦合的第三条进路，对科学证据所依据的科学原理进行尊重听从，对科学证据所依据的案件信息以及最终意见进行教育判断，从而回应尊重听从模式存在的正当性，并强化法官对科学证据实质审查的职责，提高科学证据的可靠性，维护司法公正与公信力。

【关键词】科学证据;鉴定意见;尊重听从;教育判断;科学共识

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226(2024)01-0093-12

A third approach to the examination of scientific evidence:a progressive combination of the deference model and the education model.Lu Haiyan,Deng Hong.School of Forensic Medicine,Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650223,China.

【Abstract】Faced with the challenge of difficulties in the scientific evidence examination after the disenchantment of scientific evidence,judges in practice have developed two coping methods:the deference model and the education model.However,the prevailing idea that let the judge choose one model between the two opposite models according to the circumstances,is unable to respond to the doubts of legitimacy of the transition from education model to deference model.According to the structure of scientific evidence,it can be found that,instead of being opposite,the deference model and the education model cooperate progressively in degree and stage.Therefore,judges may try a third approach to the examination of scientific evidence——a progressive combination of the deference model and the education model.Under such model,judges respect and defer to the scientific principles on which scientific evidence is based,meanwhile examine the case information on which scientific evidence is based and the final expert opinion after they were educated.By doing so,it responds to the legitimacy of the deference model.Meanwhile,the judge’s responsibility for the substantive examination of scientific evidence can be strengthened,the reliability of scientific evidence can be improved,and the judicial justice and public credibility can be safeguarded.

【Key Words】Scientific evidence;Forensic opinion;Judging by deference model;Education model;scientific consensusc