李汀*(四川大学法学院，四川成都610207)

【摘要】经验法则作为侧重于主观判断、具有内省性的方法与侧重于证据客观层面、具有外部性的印证证明方法表面存在紧张关系。而面对印证在事实认定视阈所呈现的单一维度评价标准、关注证据间静态的外部支撑关系以及欠缺综合式检验等不足，需调和经验与印证二者在司法证明中的运作关系，厘清经验法则的运行机理以细化二者的功能归属。经验概括在保障证据推理链条的连续性与强度等方面展现重要效用，具有可信性、盖然性、公共性、具体性及隐蔽性五大内部特征，但在我国司法实践中呈现外部运用的随意性。因此，需进一步以叙事理论为依托进行经验运作外显化解析，形塑经验法则整体叙事与证据论证的双层次运行机理，为经验法则的运用建构可操作性路径并获致其功能定位的精细化分配。同时，借此也可论成印证与经验法则在叙事理论中融洽的功能归属，共同建构契合我国司法改革现代化需求的多元证明方法体系。

【关键词】经验法则;锚定叙事论;司法证明;印证

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-122(6 2023)06-0752-16

Functional attribution of the rule of thumb and corroboration:A perspective of narrative theory.Li Ting.Law School of Sichuan University,Sichuan,Chengdu,610207.

【Abstract】A superficial tension exists between the rule of thumb,which is an introspective method focusing on the subjective assessment,and corroboration,which is an external method focusing on the objectivity of evidence.However,in the face of deficiencies presented by corroboration in the factfinding,such as single-dimension evaluation criterion,sole emphasis on the static external support and a lack of comprehensive evaluation,it is necessary to reconcile the application of the rule of thumb and corroboration in judicial proof,and clarify the application mechanism of the rule of thumb in order to refine the functional attribution of the two.Experience based induction,with five internal characteristics--reliability,probability,commonality,specificity and concealment,--is of significance in safeguarding the continuity and strength of the chain of evidentiary reasoning.But the external application of such induction presents arbitrariness in judicial practice.Therefore,an externalized analysis of the application of such experience based induction needs to be furthered on the basis of the narrative theory.A dual level application mechanism should be established as the rule of thumb is planted into the overall narration and evidentiary proof.It is therefore necessary to build an operable path for the application of the rule of thumb and accomplish a refined function-oriented distribution of the rule of thumb.At the same time,the whole discussion can confirm the harmonious functional attribution of the rule of thumb and corroboration in the narrative theory,and thus a multi-method system of proof that meets the modernization needs of China's judicial reform can be constructed.

【Key Words】The rule of thumb;Anchored narratives theory;Judicial proof;Corroboration