邓矜婷 周祥军

（中国人民大学法学院，北京 100872）

【摘 要】电子公证证据是否具备公证法赋予的优先证明效力在实践中存在诸多争议。分析典型案例发现，司法实践中对不同类型的电子公证证据的证明效力的认可程度存在明显差别。电子公证证据证明效力的问题本质上是公证机构能否在办理电子公证业务中达到“亲历性”标准、履行证明职能的问题。根据亲历性程度和证明效力的差别，可以将电子公证证据类型化：传统公证的电子化实现（第一类）和电子数据公证（第二类）。实践经验和理论分析认为，第一类电子公证满足“亲历性”标准，应当具备优先证明效力；第二类电子公证证据满足程序完整性等“亲历性”标准后也具有优先证明效力。在司法实践中，公证机构应当承担证明电子数据公证中的环境清洁性、程序完整性的初始证明责任，抗辩方可以以有相反证据足以证明公证的电子数据本身是虚假的，或者有相反证据足以证明公证过程中的电子数据被篡改为由提出有效抗辩。

【关键词】电子公证；证据效力；证明力；亲历性

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2023）02-0229-13

Research on the evidential effect of electronic notarization evidence. Deng Jinting, Zhou Xiangjun, Law School of Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872.

【Abstract】There are many disputes in practice whether electronic notarial evidence has the priority of proof given by the notary law. The analysis of typical cases shows that there are obvious differences in the degree of recognition of the probative effect of different types of electronic notarial evidence in judicial practice. In essence, the issue of the evidential effect of electronic notarization evidence is whether the notarial institution can reach the "hands-on" standard and perform the certification function in handling electronic notarization business. According to the difference between the degree of experience and the effectiveness of proof, electronic notarization evidence can be classified as: the electronic realization of traditional notarization (Category I) and electronic data notarization (Category II). According to practical experience and theoretical analysis, the first type of electronic notarization meets the "hands-on" standard and should have the priority of proof; The second type of electronic notarial evidence also has the priority of proof after meeting the "hands on" standards such as procedural integrity. In judicial practice, the notary institution shall bear the initial burden of proof to prove the environmental cleanliness and procedural integrity of electronic data notarization, and the defense party may raise an effective defense on the ground that there is evidence to the contrary that the electronic data itself is false, or there is evidence to the contrary that the electronic data in the notarization process has been tampered with.

【Key Words】 Electronic notarization; Effectiveness of evidence; Probative force; Personal experience