贺 娇

（中国人民大学法学院，北京 100872）

【摘 要】网络平台的证据提供义务对认定涉网案件相关事实至关重要，其来源于三大诉讼法关于单位证据提供义务的规定，并在专门的网络立法与修法中被不断强化。但数据化、跨区域、数量大等区别于传统单位证据提供义务的新特点，也让网络平台面临具体证据提供程序“无法可依”，以及负担成本和法律风险大幅增加等困境。在实践中，网络平台选择通过自行制定的“指南”等协查文件指引证据调取和规范证据提供行为，并逐渐形成了仅对接公权力机关的证据提供模式；但这些应对方法也存在难以兼顾政府、网络平台、用户等各方利益，对当事人取证权等证据权利保障不尽人意等不足。因此，在网络综合治理体系下，为切实提高网络平台提供证据的质效，我们应当进一步加强对“指南”等协查文件的监管和监督，并增加用户向网络平台获取证据的途径。

【关键词】网络综合治理；电子数据；调取证据；证据提供义务；证据权利

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2023）02-0217-12

Optimization of online platform’s obligation to provide evidence under the comprehensive internet governance system. He Jiao. School of law,Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872.

【Abstract】The obligation of the online platform to provide evidence is crucial to the finding of facts in internet related cases. Such obligation originates from Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law, and Administrative Procedure Law, under which business organizations are required to provide evidence, and is continuously strengthened in the passage of specialized internet laws and their amendments. However, because the online platforms’ obligation to provide evidence which features data-driven, cross-region, and large in amount, are different from the traditional business organizations’, the online platforms face dilemmas of “lawlessness” in procedural rules while providing evidence, as well as a significant increase in cost burden and legal risk. In practice, the online platform establishes self-developed guidelines and other documents regulating assistance in evidence investigation in order to guide evidence collection and the standardization of providing evidence. Gradually, a model of exclusive service which projects platforms solely provide evidence to public authorities has been formed. However, these countermeasures also bear shortcomings, such as, difficulty in balancing interests of various parties, which include the government, online platforms and platform users, and inadequate protection of evidentiary right, such as the party’s right to obtain evidence. Therefore, under the comprehensive internet governance system, in order to effectively improve the quality and efficiency of online platforms’ performance in providing evidence, the regulation and supervision of “Guidelines” and other documents regulating assistance should be further strengthened, and platform users’ access to evidence from online platform should be widened.

【Key Words】 Comprehensive internet governance; Digital data; Evidence collection; Obligation to provide evidence; Evidentiary right