毛 斌

（山东省宁阳县人民检察院，山东 泰安 271400）

【摘 要】帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪自设立至今经历了由沉寂到激增的转变。主观明知司法认定得到可实践的规范指引是案件量井喷式增长的重要原因之一。但帮信罪主观明知的认定作为传统认定难题有其特殊性，当前帮信罪主观明知的认定面临内容与程度理解混乱，简化认定模式的正当性不够完全充分等困境。帮信罪在主观明知的认定上建构起以简化认定为主导的模式，使认定难度大幅下降，为防范错案风险，司法机关引入主客观相一致综合认定的方法予以纠偏，尝试构建主客观综合认定模式。帮信罪主观明知认定的两种模式仍然需要进行正当性检视，必须要对法律推定之适用予以合理限制，以更具可行性的方式利用综合认定的纠偏方法，依法合理适用认罪认罚从宽制度。全链条高压严打的政策导向对帮信罪的主观明知认定现状起到了关键引导作用，这一政策在打击新型信息网络类犯罪时呈现出除恶务尽、打小打早、严而不厉的特点，帮信罪已处于高度活跃状态，不需进一步激活，应当防范主观明知认定过度简化，进一步与宽严相济的基本刑事政策协调一致，遵循司法内在规律，注重约束权力，保障权利，促进公平正义的实现。

【关键词】 帮助信息网络活动罪；主观明知；认定简化；法律推定；新型信息网络犯罪

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2022）06-0730-13

Reflection on the dilemma in determining the knowledge element of the aiding cybercrime offense. Mao Bin.The People's Procuratorate of Ningyang County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province.

【Abstract】Since aiding cybercrime offense is criminalized, the crime has undergone a transformation from silence to proliferation. One of the important reasons for the crime spurt is that the judicial determination of knowledge element is guided by operative guidance. However, the determination of the knowledge element of such aiding offense has its own special characteristics as compared to the traditional difficulty in knowledge element determination. At present, determination of the knowledge element of aiding cybercrime offense faces many difficulties, including confused understanding of its meaning and scale, and pending evaluation of the justification of the simplified determination model. The reliance on simplified determination model has greatly reduced the difficulty in the determination of the knowledge element of aiding cybercrime offense.Meanwhile, in order to prevent the risk of wrongful convictions, the judiciary has tried to establish hybrid model, which integrates the subjective and objective methods, to rectify the deviation. The justification of the two determination models still needs to be evaluated. The judicial inference of knowledge must be reasonably restricted. A more feasible way should be applied when using hybrid method to rectify the deviation, and thus the System of Plea in Exchange for Lenient Sentence can be reasonably and legally applied. The policy oriented towards the whole chain of high-pressure and strike-hard has played a key role in determining the knowledge element of aiding cybercrime offense. In the fight against aiding cybercrime offense, such strikehard policy features full elimination of the evil, striking small and striking early, and being strict but not harsh. Under such policy, aiding cybercrime offense has entered a highly active state, and does not need to be further activated. We should prevent the oversimplification of the determination of the knowledge element,further keep the determination in harmony with the foundational criminal policy of coordination of leniency and severity, follow the inherent laws of judicial practice, stress on power restriction and rights protection, and promote the realization of justice.

【Key Words】Aiding cybercrime offense; Knowledge element; Simplified determination; Legal inference;New type of cybercrime