张 迪

（南京大学法学院 南京 210008）

【摘 要】刑事证据标准的政策背景是司法智能化、司法标准化和以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革，旨在推动司法管理模式转型，最终提升审判质效。通过对证据标准规范文本的历时梳理和共时分析，发现其多样化的现实样态与司法标准化存在冲突，客观化趋势对事实认定的准确性产生负面影响。证据标准的类型化改革宜作为化解现有困境的宏观思路。鉴于线上、线下的证据标准在制定主体、形成路径、具体内容及规范效力上存在区别，实践中已出现分化发展的倾向，可将线上证据标准主要定位为实现司法管理模式转型的工具，线下证据标准主要定位为实现事实认定模式转型的工具，并基于二者不同的功能定位和潜在问题，制定差异化的具体完善措施，建立起符合中国司法国情的刑事证据标准体系。

【关键词】 证据标准；司法标准化；人工智能；双系统理论；证明标准

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2022）05-0572-15

Research on the classification of criminal evidence standard. Zhang Di. Law School of Nanjing University,Nanjing, 210008.

【Abstract】The policy background of the criminal evidence standard is judicial intelligence, judicial standardization and trial-centered litigation system reform, which aims at promoting the transformation of judicial management mode, and ultimately improving the quality and efficiency of trials. Through the diachronic combing and synchronic analysis of the normative text of evidence standards, it is found that there is a conflict between the diversified reality and the judicial standardization, and the objective trend has a negative impact on the accuracy of fact finding. The typologized reform of evidence standards should be taken as a macroscopic way to solve the present predicament. In view of the differences between online and offline evidence standards in formulation subjects, paths of formation, specific contents and normative force, there has been a tendency of differentiation of development in the practice. Online evidence standards can mainly be positioned as a tool to realize the transformation of judicial management mode, and offline evidence standards can mainly be positioned as a tool to realize the transformation of the fact-finding mode. Based on their different functional position and potential problems, we should work out differentiated specific improvement measures and establish a criminal evidence standard system in accordance with Chinese judicial situation.

【Key Words】Evidence Standard; Judicial Standardization; Artificial Intelligence; Dual System Theory;Proof Standard