蒋铁初

（杭州师范大学，浙江杭州，311121）

【摘 要】中国古代的无罪推定是指当案件审理中出现某种有利于被告的情形时，司法者会推定被告可能无罪。无罪推定分为对被告的无罪推定与对犯罪事实的无罪推定两种。无罪推定可以预防冤狱的形成，亦能够平反已成冤狱。其文化基础有仁者司法理念及以情折狱的司法传统。我国当代冤狱形成的根本原因是司法者的有罪推定思维。借鉴古代司法传统，当代社会应当努力培育司法人员的无罪推定与以情折狱思维，实践中司法机关在保存及移送证据时还应将无罪与轻罪证据单列一类。

【关键词】 无罪推定；冤狱；以情折狱；证据

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2022）05-0533-13

Presumption of innocence in ancient China and its contemporary value. Jiang Tiechu. Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Hangzhou, 311121.

【Abstract】The presumption of innocence in ancient China means that when a certain situation favorable to the defendant occurs in the trial of a case, the judiciary will presume that the defendant may be innocent. The presumption of innocence can be divided into the presumption of innocence to the defendant and the presumption of innocence to the criminal facts. The presumption of innocence can prevent the formation of unjust imprisonment,and can also redress the already unjust imprisonment. Its cultural basis includes the judicial idea of benevolence and the judicial tradition of judgement based on sentiment.The fundamental reason for the formation of unjust imprisonment in contemporary China is the presumption of guilt of the judiciary. Drawing on the ancient judicial tradition, we should try our best to cultivate the judicial personnel’ s thinking of presumption of innocence and judgement based on sentiment. In practice, the judicial organ should also classify the evidence of innocence and misdemeanor separately when preserving and transferring the evidence.

【Key Words】 Presumption of innocence; Unjust imprisonment; Judgement based on sentiment; Evidence