深度伪造技术的证据风险与规制路径

李天琦¹ 刘 鑫²

（1. 天津市河北区纪委监委，天津 300402；2. 中国政法大学证据科学研究院，北京 100088）

【摘 要】基于深度学习算法的优化升级，深度伪造技术应运而生。然而，随着该技术的不断优化，实践中出现原始材料与伪造材料真假难辨的现象，不法分子开始利用深度伪造技术进行违法犯罪活动，这暴露了深度伪造技术存在的证据风险，甚至将直接影响法庭证据的审查。目前，深度伪造技术已经在全球范围内造成了一定程度的证据风险，法庭证据的真实性、相关性、充分性审查都可能遭受冲击。基于此现状，完善规制路径降低该技术的证据风险迫在眉睫，从技术层面精准溯源，鉴别证据真伪是保证证据真实性的基础；完善证据审查认定体系，改进证明责任分配机制是解决该技术影响下的法庭证据审查难题的关键环节；充分利用全球合作，建立全球防护网是规制深度伪造技术捍卫司法公正的长远目标。

【关键词】深度伪造；证据风险；真实性；相关性；充分性

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2022）01-0070-13

The evidence risk and regulation path of deepfake technology. Li Tianqi, Tianjin Hebei District Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Tianjin, 300402; and Liu Xin, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science CUPL, Beijing, 100088.

【Abstract】Based on the optimization and upgradation of deep learning algorithms, deepfake technology came into being. However, with the continuous optimization of this technology, the authenticity of the original material and the forgery material is difficult to distinguish in practice. Some offenders have used the deepfake technology to conduct illegal and criminal activities, which has exposed the evidence risks of this technology and will even directly affect the review of court evidence. At present, deepfake technology has caused evidence risk to a certain degree on a global scale, and the review of authenticity, relevancy, and sufficiency of court evidence may all be impacted. Based on this situation, it is urgent to improve the regulation path to reduce the evidence risk of this technology. Accurately tracing the source from the technical level and identifying the authenticity of the evidence are the basis for ensuring the authenticity of the evidence; improving the review and identification system of evidence and improving the distribution mechanism of the burden of proof are the key links in solving the difficult problems of court evidence review under the influence of this technology; making full use of global cooperation and establishing a global protection network are the long-term goal of regulating deepfake technology to safeguard judicial justice.

【Key Words】Deepfake; Evidentiary risk; Authenticity; Relevancy; Sufficiency