郭悦悦

（北京大学法学院，北京 100089）

【摘 要】儿童作为刑事诉讼中的特殊作证主体之一，其证言的审查认定问题一直以来都是困扰司法机关的实践难题。在学界，当前研究主要集中于厘清作证资格、作证能力等基础概念以及如何构建儿童证言的特殊取证程序等方面。然而，目前我国儿童证人作证制度并未有效区分事实问题与价值问题，从而导致该制度缺乏明确的价值导向和具体标准，实施效果难以令人满意。对此，应将研究视角转换至儿童证言的关联性上，通过借鉴美国《联邦证据规则》中关联性的相关概念，为我国儿童证言的审查设置逻辑关联性和法律关联性的“两步走”审查模式：首先确定儿童证言是否满足事实上的关联性；在此基础上，通过对法律关联性中具体要素的个案审查来实现对儿童证人的特殊保护。

【关键词】 儿童证言；关联性；逻辑关联性；法律关联性；附条件关联性

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）06-0735-11

Reflection on child witness testimony and the relevance rule. Guo Yueyue, Peking University Law School,Beijing, 100089.

【Abstract】Child is one group of the special witnesses in criminal proceedings. Examination of child witness testimony has always been a difficult task haunting the judiciary. In the academic circle, the current research mainly focuses on clarifying the basic concepts such as child witness qualifications and child witness competency, and how to construct special evidence collection procedure to take record of child witness testimony. But at present, because of the failure in effectively distinguishing the issue of fact from the issue of value, the laws governing child witness testimony lack clear value orientation and specific standards, and the implementation of such laws is hardly satisfying. Therefore, the research focus should be shifted to the relevance of child witness testimony. By referring to the relevance rules in the Federal Rules of Evidence of United States, a “two-step” examination mode, which emphasizes on logical relevance and legal relevance, should be set up to examine child witness testimony in China. Firstly, it should be determined whether the child witness testimony satisfies logical relevance; Secondly, case by case examination of the specific elements required by legal relevance should be implemented in order to realize the special protection of child witness.

【Key Words】Child witness testimony; Relevance; Logical relevance; Legal relevance; Conditional relevance