—基于 DEMATEL 法的尝试性分析

杨继文

（华东政法大学刑事法学院 / 中国环境犯罪治理研究中心，上海，201620）

【摘 要】在刑事诉讼科学化理论背景下，对证人出庭制度进行跨学科分析有助于破解刑事证人普遍不出庭和“依法不出庭”问题。应用体系性复合模式中的 DEMATEL 的科学化分析方法，从涉及国家、社会、法律和证人的四个维度、内含十二个具体影响因子的关系体系，构建证人是否出庭决策的复合模式。未来刑事证人出庭制度的完善进路，应当突出体系性复合模式及其与证人理性博弈的综合作用。在国家和社会层面，落实庭审实质化背景下的证人出庭，细化报复证人的惩罚制度和程序机制，成立对证人进行保护的专门机构；在法律层面，对刑诉法与刑法交错适用中的关系进行厘清，确立关键证人强制出庭和配套保障制度；在证人层面，引入证人当事人化理念，健全关键证人出庭激励机制和不出庭的惩罚制度，提高证人的作证能力和健全交叉询问制度。

【关键词】刑事证人；DEMATEL 法；博弈论；复合模式

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）06-0672-12

Why didn't criminal witnesses appear in court?— Analysis based on DEMATEL method. Yang Jiwen.East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201620, China.

【Abstract】Under the background of scientific theory of criminal procedure, an interdisciplinary analysis of the attendance of witnesses is helpful to solve the problem of general non-attendance and "lawful non-attendance" of criminal witnesses. By applying scientific analysis method of DEMATEL in systemic composite mode, a composite mode of whether or not the witness takes the stand is constructed in this paper from a system of four dimensions involving the state, society, law and witnesses, and containing twelve specific influencing factors. In order to improve the system of criminal witness attendance in the future, we should emphasize the comprehensive function of the systemic composite mode and the rational game with witnesses. At the national and social levels, we should ensure that witnesses will take the stand under the background of substantive trial, elaborate punishment systems and procedural mechanisms for retaliating against witnesses, and set up specialized agencies for witness protection. At the legal level, the relationship between criminal procedure law and criminal law in staggered application should be clarified, and we also ought to force the key witnesses to attend and establish supporting security system. At the level of witnesses, we should introduce the concept of witnesses as a party,complete the incentive mechanism for key witnesses to attend and the punishment system of failing to attend, and then improve the testifying ability of witnesses and the cross-examination system.

【Key Words】Criminal witness; DEMATEL; Game theory; Composite mode