秦 汉

（浙江工业大学法学院，杭州 310023）

【摘 要】电子卷宗具有“内部”和“外部”两种功能面向。司法实践中，电子卷宗的功能以“内部”面向为主，仅为纸质卷宗电子化。在需要移送卷宗的刑事司法中，这种功能设定导致电子卷宗既难以克服预判和不完全移送的风险，可能倒退为“复印件主义”，又与“审判中心主义”相悖。电子卷宗需要“外部”功能拓展以发挥司法功能，过程证据是其拓展的合适方向。司法留痕管理，为电子卷宗成为过程证据提供了制度基础；区块链等技术的司法运用，为电子卷宗提供了技术基础。作为过程证据的电子卷宗，面临补正规则滥用、“痕迹主义”的消极侦查和司法机关间的适配等风险。在制度形成时，需从卷宗生成制度、保管制度等方面进行合理规制。

【关键词】电子卷宗；过程证据；案卷移送；数据留痕

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）05-0564-12

China’s electronic dossier: An observation on judicial practice and function.Qin Han. Law School, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310023.

【Abstract】China’s electronic dossier has internal and external functional aspects. In judicial practice,electronic dossier is mainly internal oriented, and its effectiveness is limited in criminal justice where dossier needs to be transferred. Such arrangement cannot overcome the prejudgment risk of dossier, and will cause incomplete transfer. Therefore, its external function based on the “process evidence” shall be expanded, thus to exert its judicial function. Judicial trace management provides an institutional basis for electronic dossier to become process evidence. The judicial application of blockchain and other technologies provides a technical foundation for electronic dossier. Nonetheless, the electronic dossier as process evidence faces risks such as abuse of exclusion rules, tracing doctrine leading to negative investigations, and adaptation between judicial agencies.Electronic dossier should respond to these risks in the procedure of production and custody.

【Key Words】Electronic dossier; Process evidence; Transfer dossier; Judicial trace managemen