张保生^1,3  杨菁^2,3

（1.中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室，北京 100088；2.吉林大学法学院，吉林 长春 130012；3.“2011”计划司法文明协同创新中心，北京 100088）

【摘 要】证据推理模拟作为人工智能法律系统研究的一大难题，主要难在如何构建一种基于社会知识库的证据分析与归纳推理模型。这一难题的解决途径，本质上并不在于克服法律语言和人工智能语言之间存在的沟通障碍，而在于如何从认识论角度阐明人工智能法律系统的理论基础，从而阐明形式逻辑在形式与内涵上区分与统一的问题。本文在借鉴改良版图示法的基础上，运用人工智能领域概念图、类型化和推理结构等理论和方法，建构了一种人工智能证据推理模型，试图为基于复杂逻辑的简化图示法提供技术路径。本文指出，被一些学者误用的“证据链”概念，是对事实认定过程的一种浅层的表象式认知，事实认定本质上是一种证明链条或证据推理链条，而且，这种证据推理链条在结构上并不是简单的线性体，而是一种复杂的树状结构。

【关键词】 人工智能法律系统；事实认定；归纳难题；图示法；证据推理模型

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）05-0517-17

A modal of evidential reasoning for ai legal system. Zhang Baosheng, Yang Jing. Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, China, Beijing China 100088; JiLin University School of Law, JiLin ChangChun, 130012; “2011 Plan” China Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing China 100088.

【Abstract】As a difficult problem in the research of Artificial Intelligence(AI) legal system, evidential reasoning simulation is mainly difficult to construct a model about evidential analyses and inductive reasoning based on social knowledge. The solution to this problem lies not in overcoming the communication barriers between legal language and AI language, but in how to clarify the theoretical foundation of AI legal system from the perspective of epistemology, so as to clarify the distinction and unity problem of formal logic in form and connotation. Based on an improved version of Wigmore’s chart, this paper constructs an AI evidential reasoning model by using the theories and methods of concept diagram, typing and reasoning structure in the field of AI, trying to provide a technical path for the simplified diagram method based on complex logic. This paper argues that the concept of “chains of evidence” misused by some scholars is a superficial cognition of the process of factfinding. Fact-finding is essentially a chain of proof or chain of evidential reasoning. Moreover, the structure of this evidential reasoning chain is not a simple linear system, but a complex tree framework.

【Key Words】 AI legal system; Fact-finding; Problem of induction; Chart method; Model of evidential reasoning