—兼论对逮捕率的影响

施珠妹

（西南政法大学法学院，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】逮捕证据要件优先、刑罚要件虚置、社会危险性要件偏离以及径行逮捕规定机械性是出现高逮捕率现象的重要原因。为降低逮捕率，我们可改变一般逮捕与径行逮捕“二元化”标准，构建“一元化”逮捕标准。同时，将刑罚要件作为社会危险性要件的判断因素，构建“两步式”判断法：第一步判断是否存在逮捕基础事由，即是否有证据证明有犯罪事实；第二步判断社会危险性大小，将被追诉人犯罪严重性、可能判处的刑罚、是否有固定住址、稳定职业、前科等均作为社会危险性大小的衡量因素进行综合评估。

【关键词】逮捕；证明要件；逮捕率；“一元两步式”判断

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）02-0195-13

A normative analysis on the proof of elements of an arrest: a further comment on its impact on the arrest rate. Shi Zhumei. Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, chongqing 401120.

【Abstract】The important reasons for the high arrest rate are the priority of the crime evidence requirement, the absence of penalty requirement, the deviation of the social risk requirement, and the mechanicity of the warrantless arrest regulations. In order to reduce the arrest rate, we can change the "dual" standard of general arrests and warrantless arrests, and build a "unified" arrest standard. At the same time, the penalty element is converted to a factor to the determination of the social risk element, and thus a "two-step" judgment method is constructed. The first step is to determine whether there is a basic cause for the arrest, which is to say whether there is evidence of the crime. The second step is to determine the magnitude of social risk, which would be a comprehensive evaluation taking into consideratons of the severity of the charged crime, the possible penalty, the suspect’s fixed address, stable occupation, and prior conviction record, etc.

【Key Words】Arrest; Proof of elements; Arrest rate; Unified two-step judgment