—美国 410 规则对我国的启迪

郝万爽

（北京大学法学院，北京 100871）

【摘 要】赋予犯罪嫌疑人、被告人反悔权是认罪认罚从宽制度的重要内容，是程序正义的体现，能保障认罪认罚的自愿性。如果犯罪嫌疑人、被告人反悔后其之前的有罪供述仍然能作为对其不利的证据使用，那么反悔权将变得毫无意义。美国《联邦证据规则》410 规则规定，被告人撤回的有罪答辩，或者在与控方进行答辩讨论过程中作出的陈述一般不具有可采性，不可以在后续的程序中用来反对被告人。410 规则的启迪对于我国认罪认罚从宽制度的有序运行、控辩协商中双方的坦诚沟通以及司法权威的维护都有重要意义。410 规则在我国的引入尽管会面临一些障碍，但都是可以克服的。我国引入 410 规则需要注意与我国的实际相结合，不能允许被告人放弃 410 规则赋予的权利来促成控辩协商。

【关键词】 410 规则；认罪认罚从宽；证据能力

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）02-0179-16

Framing the admissibility of later-withdrawn pleas —— the enlightenment of Rule 410 of federal rules of evidence. Hao Wanshuang. Peking University law school, Beijing 100871, P.R.China.

【Abstract】Entrusting the suspect and defendant with the right of withdrawing his plea is an important content of the system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment in exchange for leniency. The right to withdrawal is embodied in procedural justice and can guarantee the voluntariness of the guilty plea and punishment acceptance. However, the right to withdrawal would be meaningless if the government could later use the prior plea against the suspect or defendant. According to Rule 410 of Federal Rules of Evidence, the withdrawn guilty pleas or the statements made during plea discussions with an attorney for the prosecuting authority, are not admissible against the defendant in a later criminal trial. The enlightenment of Rule 410 is of great significance to the orderly operation of the system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment in exchange for leniency, the frank communication between the prosecution and the defense in the plea negotiation, and the maintenance of judicial authority. The introduction of Rule 410 to China will face some obstacles, but all can be overcome. Finally, the introduction should be adjusted to our country’s judicial reality. The defendant should not waive the protection of Rule 410.

【Key Words】 Rule 410 of federal Rules of evidence; Leniency on admission of guilt and Acceptance of punishment; Qualification of evidence