—以最高院鉴定人“白名单”“黑名单”为视角

刘 鑫   杨 帆

（1.“2011 计划”司法文明协同创新中心，北京 100088；2.证据科学教育部重点实验室（中国政法大学），北京 100088；3.中国政法大学医药法律与伦理研究中心，北京 100088）

【摘 要】近年来司法鉴定失范事件不断曝光，司法鉴定形势堪忧，既影响了司法鉴定行业的公信力，也影响了法院对案件的审理。我国司法鉴定存在认识误区和管理困境，包括对鉴定权威性的错误认识，司法鉴定管理手段有限性与司法鉴定的无限性，司法鉴定管理主体与鉴定意见适用主体分离等。在此背景下，法院加强对鉴定主体的管理已非常必要。法院建立了鉴定人名册（白名单），近期又在规范文件中明确建立鉴定主体黑名单。鉴定主体黑名单制度在实践中落实，还需要制定评价标准、组建中立的评价专家库、确定黑名单的适用范围及有效期等细节。

【关键词】司法鉴定；鉴定意见；白名单；黑名单；法院

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2021）01-0019-12

The credit management of judicial appraisal experts by courts: from the perspective of the whitelist and the blacklist issued by the supreme people’s court. Liu Xin, Yang Fan. 1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing,100088; 2.Key Laboratory for Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, Beijing,100088; 3.Center for Health and Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics of China University of Political Science and Law(CUPL), Beijing, 100088.

【Abstract】In recent years, anomie in judicial appraisal has been constantly exposed. The situation of judicial appraisal is worrisome. Such situation not only affects the credibility of the judicial appraisal profession,but also affects the courts’ trials. The administration of judicial appraisal in our judicial system not only encounters some misunderstandings, but also hits a rough path. These difficulties include the misunderstanding of the authority of judicial appraisal, the concurrence of the limited means in the administration of judicial appraisal and the unlimited judicial appraisal examinations, and the separation of the people given authority to regulate judicial appraisal examinations and the people using judicial appraisal opinions. In this context, it is necessary for the court to enhance the regulation of judicial appraisal. The Supreme People’s Court has established a list of approved judicial appraisal institutions and experts (namely “Whitelist”). In a recent interpretation issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Court explicitly requires establishing a blacklist of judicial appraisal institutions and experts. To implement the blacklist system, it is necessary to formulate evaluation standards, establish a neutral evaluation expert database, and determine the scope and the period of validity of the blacklist.

【Key Words】Judicial appraisal; Expert opinions; Whitelist; Blacklist; Courts