包冰锋 张迪雅

（西南政法大学法学院， 重庆 401120）

【摘 要】在辩论主义动态运行及发展的历史长河中，主要事实的认定作为诉讼运营中精妙的一环往往放射性联结着主张责任适用范围、自认拘束力客观范围、法官自由心证、当事人防御权保障等各方面问题。然而，对于主要事实与间接事实的界分却并非精准无误，而是存在一定的模糊性。司法实践中已然出现诸多与事实认定相关的问题一直悬而未决。以一般条款的事实识别为首，若干议题的存在印证了旧界分基准下的主张责任适用极易致使当事人遭受突然袭击。因此，应当沿着“准主要事实说”与“主要事实、重要间接事实主张必要说”的学理脉络对事实界分基准进行再界分，在此基础上通过肯定间接事实的自认拘束力，同时强化法官的法律观点指出义务以实现缓和辩论主义与防止突袭裁判之间的再平衡。

【关键词】辩论主义；主要事实；间接事实；自认的拘束力；自由心证

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2020）04-0418-15

The analysis of the distinction between the main fact and the indirect fact. Bao Bingfeng, Zhang Diya.Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120.

【Abstract】In the long history of the dynamic operation and development of the adversarial system, the finding of main facts, as a delicate part of litigation, tends to connect with various aspects of issues, such as the applicable range of the pleading burden, the objective scope of the binding force of admission, the judge’s discretion and the protection of the defense right of the parties. However, the distinction between main facts and indirect facts is not accurate, but somewhat ambiguous. There are many unsettled issues related to fact finding in judicial practice. Several problems emerged in the identification of fact in the general terms confirm that the application of the pleading burden under the old standard make parties suffer from the surprising judgement easily. Therefore, it is necessary to redefine the standard of fact demarcation according to the “quasi main fact theory”, and the “necessary claim of main fact and essential indirect fact theory” . On this basis, the purpose of alleviating the adversarial system and preventing sudden judgment might be achieved by affirming the binding force of admission of indirect fact as well as strengthening judge's obligation of disclosing judicial opinion.

【Key Words】Adversary system; Main fact; Indirect fact; Binding force of admission; Free evaluation of evidence