高 咏

【摘 要】 刑事诉讼中如何处理私人非法取得的证据是一个理论和实践都不能回避的重要课题。美国的“私人放任模式”和德国的“利益权衡模式”分别是处理私人违法所得证据的证据能力的两种典型模式，这两种模式各有其不同的特征和利弊得失。私人违法取证在我国刑事诉讼司法实践中普遍存在，但立法规定和理论研究薄弱，私人违法证据的两种典型模式对我国证据立法和理论的发展和完善有一定的启示。

【关键词】 私人违法所得证据；证据能力；非法证据排除规则；证据禁止

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2011）01-0056-08

Analysis of the Evidence Competence of Evidence Illegally Obtained by Individuals in Criminal Procedure. Gao Yong. The School of Law and Pilitcs, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024.

【Abstract】 In terms of the criminal procedure, to deal with the evidence illegally obtained by individuals is inevitably an issue of vital importance both in theory and in practice. There are two representative modes of evidence competence dealing with the illegal evidence acquired individuals. One is the American "Individual Noninterference" ,and the other is the German "Interests Balancing". Both have their own characteristics as well as advantages and disadvantages. Collecting evidence illegally by individual commonly exists in the criminal procedure practice of China, while the legislative regulation and theoretical study are still relatively weak. These two typical modes are, to some extent, enlightening to develop and perfect Chinese evidence theory and legislation.

【Key Words】 Evidence illegally obtained by individuals, Evidence competence, Rule of excluding illegal evidence, Evidence prohibition