刘 鑫 梁俊超

【摘 要】 《侵权责任法》仍未解决我国医疗鉴定体制的二元化问题。 医学会医疗事故技术鉴定和法医医疗损害司法鉴定两种模式各有利弊，法医鉴定模式并不比医学会鉴定模式优越。 在专业技术问题的判断上，日本、德国、荷兰、美国的医疗损害鉴定模式都采同行评价的原则。 构建我国医疗损害技术鉴定制度应坚持充分利用现有鉴定资源、尽可能融合当前两种鉴定的优点、法律问题与技术问题分离的宏观理念，并坚持公开、救济、辩论、鉴定专家半职业化、鉴定方法科学和法律指导的基本原则。在制度的具体构建上，鉴定名称应选择医疗损害鉴定或医疗损害技术鉴定；新的鉴定机构应在现有医学会医疗事故技术鉴定机构的基础上组建，并要求法医专家参与，调整鉴定专家来源、专家鉴定组和鉴定专家库组成，完善鉴定程序，确定鉴定理论、鉴定方法，明确鉴定原则，扩充医疗损害技术鉴定的内容；也可以借鉴日本的鉴定模式，由医学会建立专家库，由法院启动、组织鉴定。

【关键词】 医疗损害技术鉴定；医疗事故技术鉴定；司法鉴定；鉴定制度

【中图分类号】 D915.13

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2011）03-0261-14

Study on the System of Technical Appraisal for Medical Malpractice of China. Liu Xin, Liang Junchao. Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law)，Ministry of Education，Beijing 100088，PRC

【Abstract】 Tort Liability Act has not solved the problem of binary medical identification systems yet. Both technical identification for medical accidents made by medical association and judicial authentication for medical injury made by forensics have advantages and disadvantages. It’s difficult to judge which one is better. The identification models of medical injury in Japan, Germany, Netherlands and United States all adopt the principle of peer review in the professional judgments on technical problems. The guidelines onr the construction of identification system for medical injury are to make full use of existing identification resources, integrate the dual identification models as far as possible and separate legal issues from technical issues，and we should insist public, relief, debates, expert for semi-professional, scientific identification and legal guidance as the basic principles ofr the construction. This new identification system should be named identification for medical injury or technical identification for medical injury in the concrete construction of medical identification system. The new body of medical identification should be built on the basis of technical identification of medical accidents and asks forensic experts for participating. The new system should adjust the source of identification experts and the composition of identification experts group and identification expert database, improve identification procedures, determine appraisal theory and appraisal methods, clearly identify appraisal principles and expand the contents of technical identification for medical injury . Maybe we can also learn from Japan’s identification model that the medical association creates identification experts database and the court starts and organizes the identification.

【Key Words】 Technical appraisal for medical malpractice，Technical appraisal for medical accidents，Judicial appraisal，Appraisal system