———《刑事诉讼法》（2012年）第52条第2款的思考

郭泰和

【摘 要】 2012 年修改的《刑事诉讼法》增加了行政机关在行政执法和查办案件过程中收集的部分证据可以在刑事诉讼中使用的规定，这为行政执法与刑事司法的程序衔接提供了基础。由于该条规定的相对原则和条款本身过于简疏，而2012年公安机关办理刑事案件程序规定以及最高人民法院和最高人民检察院的司法解释亦未能对此作出很好解决，需要从理论上根据程序衔接中的证据内在要求给予合理解释与逻辑论证。在解释该条的过程中，除应保持行政机关与行政执法和查办案件主体的契合并对实施主体作出严格限制外，还应适度扩大证据种类的范围，规定行政机关对存在瑕疵的物证、书证、视听资料、电子数据等证据材料进行补正以及对当事人无异议或者无法转化的关键性言词笔录按照“准书证”程序予以接纳，以此来维护刑事诉讼法文本与司法实践的良性沟通；同时，还应完善行政执法和查办案件人员的出庭制度，以保证刑事诉讼中使用的行政证据符合正当程序要求，进而发挥证明案件事实的效果。

【关键词】 行政证据；行政机关；实物证据；言词证据；程序衔接

【中图分类号】 D918.9

【文献标识码】 A

【文章编号】 1674-1226（2012）06-0665-10

Study on the Issue of Procedural Convergence between Administrative Evidence and Criminal Evidence— Based on Article 52(2) of the 2012 Criminal Procedural Law. Guo Taihe, Ph.D candidate, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088.

【Abstract】 Some new regulations that allowed the evidence collected in the process of administrative law enforcement and case investigation to be adopted in criminal proceeding have been added into the 2012 Criminal Procedural Law, which provides the foundation for the procedural convergence between administration evidence and criminal evidence. However, this regulation itself is oversimplified, and also, both the regulations of Ministry of Public Security and the judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate are in short of providing proper solutions to such convergence problem, therefore, the reasonable interpretations and logic reasoning are required by the evidence of procedural convergence. As to the interpretation,the subjects of the administrative law enforcement and the case investigation should be corresponded to the administrative organs, and strictly be limited. And furthermore, the proper expansion of the scope of evidence types is also necessary. The administrative organs should be allowed to corroborate the defective physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual material and electronic data evidence, etc. The key verbal records with no doubt or no conversion should be treated as quasi-documentary evidence. In this way, the communication between the criminal procedure law text and the judicial practice can be well maintained. In the meanwhile, the administrative law enforcement and case investigation personnel to appear in court system should be further perfected to guarantee the legitimacy of administration evidence adopted in the criminal procedure, and then it can really play the role to prove the facts of the case.

【Key Words】 Administrative evidence，Administrative organ，Physical evidence，Verbal evidence, Procedural convergence