—“CSI 效应”神话的观念与现实

［美］唐纳德·E·谢尔顿著 张中译

（中国政法大学，北京 100088）

【摘 要】美国密歇根州沃什特瑙县抽样调查显示，陪审员对于提供给他们的科学证据抱有很高的期望 ；在所有强奸案件和依据间接证据定案的案件中，如果把科学证据作为被告人有罪的一个条件，陪审员对这种科学证据的要求很高 ；观看《犯罪现场调查》的陪审员与没有观看该电视剧的陪审员在这方面没有任何差别。韦恩县的研究结果表明，陪审员对于他们使用的技术越精通，他们对于控方在其案件中使用科学证据的期望就越高。在这两个地方的研究表明，陪审员对科学证据的期望和要求是大众文化广泛变革的结果，是大众媒体和诉讼参与人相信这种效应存在而培养起来的。

【关键词】陪审员；科学证据；CSI 效应

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2014）06-0678-20

Juror expectations for scientific evidence in criminal cases: perceptions and reality about the “CSI effect” myth. Donald E. Shelton1, Translated by Zhang Zhong2. 1.Washtenaw County Trial Court, Ann Arbor, Michigan;2.The Center of Cooperative Innovation for Judicial Civilization; The Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, CUPL.

【Abstract】The Washtenaw County of Michigan survey results have indicated that jurors have high expectations that they will be presented with scientific evidence; in all rape cases and other types of cases that rely on circumstantial evidence, jurors have a high demand for scientific evidence as a condition of guilt; and jurors who watch CSI, and those who do not, have showed no significant difference in their demand for scientific evidence as a condition of guilt. The Wayne County study results have indicated that the more sophisticated jurors are with their own use of technology, the more they expect the prosecution to use scientific evidence to present its case. The studies in Washtenaw and Wayne Counties suggest that these juror expectations and demands for scientific evidence are the result of the broader changes in our popular culture, fostered by the mass media and litigants’ beliefs that the effect exists.

【Key Words】 Juror, Scientific evidence, CSI effect