陈如超

（西南政法大学刑事侦查学院，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】中国当今刑事鉴定争议频发。其中当事人与办案机关鉴定冲突最剧烈、不满手段最多样，且其社会影响最大者，目前主要聚集在部分死因鉴定领域。该类鉴定争议既滋生过度重复鉴定，更促使部分当事人上访、闹事，一度还以此衍生出暴力性群体事件。死因鉴定争议的发生，主要源于影响鉴定意见可信性的一系列因素，而非仅因为、甚或主要基于鉴定意见的客观可靠性。因此，为重塑中国刑事死因鉴定的公信力，必须走向从实践出发的法律研究与制度建构立场，以回应办案部门创建、并亟须理论提炼与立法改良的“过程导向信任”的鉴定争议解决机制。其关键措施，是通过死因鉴定程序的开放性与当事人双方（包括其聘请的法医专家）的充分参与性，从而实现鉴定意见的可信性或当事人可接受性；并以此领域的鉴定争议解决为突破口，进行鉴定制度改革，以提升中国整个刑事司法鉴定的公信力与可信性。

【关键词】刑事程序；死因鉴定争议；过程导向信任；争议解决机制

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2014）04-0447-21

Establishing “trust through process” in the dispute resolution system of expert opinion on cause of death. Chen Ruchao, (Criminal Investigation Law School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

【Abstract】Disputes of expert opinion frequently occurred in China’s criminal identification. Forensic identification on certain cause of death is among the most controversial and dissatisfying fields. Such disputes on the expert opinion caused excessive repeated identifications, and even led to petitions, disturbance and violent group events. The dispute, mainly due to a series of elements that affect the credibility of expert opinion, rather than simply because or mainly based on it’s objective reliability. So, the country must construct trust through process in dispute resolution system to rebuild the credibility of forensic examination on cause of death in criminal cases. The key measures are making the forensic examination process transparent and letting the parties (including forensic experts hired by the parties) fully participate in the identification procedure, in order to establish credibility of the expert opinion or acceptability by the parties; forensic dispute resolution in such subject shall become a breakthrough to reform the whole appraisal system, ultimately for the purpose to improve credibility and trustworthiness of China’s forensic examinations in criminal cases.

【Key Words】 Criminal procedure, Disputes in cause of death, Trust through process, Dispute resolution system