谈在祥

（华东政法大学，上海 200042）

【摘 要】医疗事故罪是典型的业务过失犯罪，1997年《刑法》增设医疗事故罪以期更好的规制重大医疗过失行为。本文检索该罪名设立以来至2013年9月30 日，17年间我国医疗事故罪的判决文书和媒体案例40例为样本，年均医疗事故罪判决2.5 起，平均量刑为1.60年，缓刑率45%，无罪率为5%，造成患者死亡的占95%。样本范围内，公诉案件占97.5%，刑事附带民事案件占77.5%，平均赔偿金额为101308.33元，呈现出判例数量极少且量刑异常轻微、主体多为基层医务人员、法官过度依赖鉴定意见、民事赔偿取代刑事责任等特点，以及在立法和司法上存在着诸多困境。本文以实证结果分析为依据，探索完善我国刑事医疗过失立法与司法途径。

【关键词】医疗过失；医疗事故罪；实证研究；立法完善；医疗纠纷

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2014）03-0346-14

An empirical study on criminal medical negligence crime adjudications in china. Tan Zaixiang East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042

【Abstract】 Medical malpractice is a typical vocational negligence crime. The 1997 Chinese Criminal Law newly added medical malpractice crime in order to better regulate serious medical negligence. In this paper, a research has been done for the period during the year of 1997 when such crime charge had been initially erected and September 30, 2013, and we select a total of 40 medical malpractice court verdicts as well as related media reports as study samples, which reflects an annual average of 2.5 medical malpractice verdicts, with an average sentence of 1.6 years, 45% probation rate, 5% innocence rate, and resulting in the death of 95% patients. Within scope of the 40 samples, prosecution of cases account for 97.5%, civil suits collateral to criminal proceedings account for 77.5%, with an average damage compensation of 101,308.33 RMB, showing a low lawsuit rate and light sentencing. Such data also reflects featured points such as subjects more often than not were local medical staff, judges in these cases overweighed on forensic appraisal opinions, and civil compensations often replaced criminal obligations. It also exposes numerous difficulties on legislative and judicial levels. Relying upon empirical conclusive analysis, this paper explores the ways to improve criminal medical negligence adjudications on legislative and judicial levels in China.

【Key Words】 Medical negligence, Medical malpractice crime, Empirical studies, Legislation improvement,Medical dispute